ReviewVaccines2021
Critical Assessment of Purification and Analytical Technologies for Enveloped Viral Vector and Vaccine Processing and Their Current Limitations in Resolving Co-Expressed Extracellular Vesicles.
Review in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic Poxviruses Induce the Secretion of Immunostimulating and Anti-Tumoral Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Precision Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles as Programmable Carriers for mRNA Therapeutics.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Purification and immunogenicity of Nipah virus-like particles from insect cells.BMC biotechnology · 2025Article
- Developing a process of lentivirus purification from recombinant fluids using peptide affinity ligands.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Harnessing engineered extracellular vesicles for enhanced therapeutic efficacy: advancements in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Navigating the Purification Process: Maintaining the Integrity of Replication-Competent Enveloped Viruses.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Engineering Exosomes for CNS Disorders: Advances, Challenges, and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Membrane Filtration of Nanoscale Biomaterials: Model System and Membrane Performance Evaluation for AAV2 Viral Vector Clarification and Recovery.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Potential of Circular RNAs (circRNAs) Neoantigen Vaccines in Tumor Immunotherapy.Current protein & peptide science · 2025Review
- Effects of ultra-filtration purification of infectious bursal disease virus on immune responses and cytokine activation in specific pathogen free chickens.Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2024Article
- Quantitative Recoveries of Exosomes and Monoclonal Antibodies from Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Cultures by Use of a Single, Integrated Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Method.Analytical chemistry · 2023Article
- Impact of the Membrane Structure of the Stationary Phase on Steric Exclusion Chromatography (SXC) of Lentiviral Vectors.Membranes · 2023Article
- Efficient clinical-grade γ-retroviral vector purification by high-speed centrifugation for CAR T cell manufacturing.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2023Article
- Rapid isolation and quantification of extracellular vesicles from suspension-adapted human embryonic kidney cells using capillary-channeled polymer fiber spin-down tips.Electrophoresis · 2023Article
- Cancer gene therapy goes viral: viral vector platforms come of age.Radiology and oncology · 2022Article
- Development of Next-Generation Vaccines.Vaccines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Viral vectors and viral vaccines are invaluable tools in prevention and treatment of diseases. Many infectious diseases are controlled using vaccines designed from subunits or whole viral structures, whereas other genetic diseases and cancers are being treated by viruses used as vehicles for delivering genetic material in gene therapy or as therapeutic agents in virotherapy protocols. Viral vectors and vaccines are produced in different platforms, from traditional embryonated chicken eggs to more advanced cell cultures. All these expression systems, like most cells and cellular tissues, are known to spontaneously release extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs share similar sizes, biophysical characteristics and even biogenesis pathways with enveloped viruses, which are currently used as key ingredients in a number of viral vectors and licensed vaccine products. Herein, we review distinctive features and similarities between EVs and enveloped viruses as we revisit the downstream processing steps and analytical technologies currently implemented to produce and document viral vector and vaccine products. Within a context of well-established viral vector and vaccine safety profiles, this review provides insights on the likely presence of EVs in the final formulation of enveloped virus products and discusses the potential to further resolve and document these components.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.