ArticleVaccines2021
Effects of a Recombinant Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Vaccine on Reproductive Function in Adult Male ICR Mice.
Article in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunocastration with recombinant GnRH6-CRM197 fusion protein improves reproductive suppression and meat tenderness in roosters.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Coated Bacterial Vaccine Platform Overcomes Weak Antigen Immunogenicity: A Functional Approach to GnRH-Based Immunocastration.Biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Advances and future applications of immunocastration techniques: a comprehensive review.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- Distinct Effects of GnRH Immunocastration Versus Surgical Castration on Gut Microbiota.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Preparation and Immunogenicity Evaluation of a Ferritin-Based GnRH Nanoparticle Vaccine.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Structure-guided design and evaluation of CRM197-scaffolded vaccine targeting GnRH for animal immunocastration.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Behavioral Assessment Reveals GnRH Immunocastration as a Better Alternative to Surgical Castration.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Development of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine forInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates the reproductive endocrine system in mammals. The GnRH immunocontraception vaccine can aid animal population control and management. We evaluated a recombinant GnRH fusion protein with the adjuvant MONTANIDE ISA 206 VG as a GnRH vaccine in adult male ICR mice by evaluating anti-GnRH antibodies; concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone; testis size and histomorphology; and semen quality. Response was assessed after intramuscular administration of the vaccine to mice in weeks 0, 4, and 8. The vaccine induced specific antibody response by week 5, with peak of antibody levels observed by week 13 and a declining level thereafter until the end of the study at week 24. Furthermore, it reduced serum FSH, LH, and testosterone concentrations. The vaccinated mice exhibited testicular atrophy and reduced sperm quality, concentration, morphology, and viability compared to control males. The outcomes of pairings of treated males with untreated females revealed reduced mating, pregnancy rates and number of litters compared to control pairings. Assessment of this GnRH vaccine in different species could assist its development for future applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.