ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Antibodies Enhance the Suppressive Activity of Extracellular Vesicles in Mouse Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity.
Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Signature and miRNA Pattern of CD4 + T Lymphocytes in Plaque Psoriasis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Rethinking Extracellular Vesicle Signaling.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Is Secondary Vesicle Release an Underappreciated Component of Extracellular Vesicle Signalling?Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- mTOR Signaling in Macrophages: All Depends on the Context.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Targeted Cells Release Secondary Effector EVs: Indication of How To Account for Histocompatibility and Disease Specificity of EV Treatments.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Review
- Macrophage Functions in Psoriasis: Lessons from Mouse Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Assessment of the Antigen-Binding Capacity and Separation of Extracellular Vesicles Coated with Antigen-Specific Antibody Light Chains.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Biodelivery of therapeutic extracellular vesicles: should mononuclear phagocytes always be feared?Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Extracellular Vesicles-Oral Therapeutics of the Future.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Exosome Carrier Effects; Resistance to Digestion in Phagolysosomes May Assist Transfers to Targeted Cells; II Transfers of miRNAs Are Better Analyzed via Systems Approach as They Do Not Fit Conventional Reductionist Stoichiometric Concepts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Increasing the Therapeutic Efficacy of Extracellular Vesicles From the Antigen-Specific Antibody and Light Chain Perspective.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Previously, we showed that mouse delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) can be antigen-specifically downregulated by suppressor T cell-derived miRNA-150 carried by extracellular vesicles (EVs) that target antigen-presenting macrophages. However, the exact mechanism of the suppressive action of miRNA-150-targeted macrophages on effector T cells remained unclear, and our current studies aimed to investigate it. By employing the DTH mouse model, we showed that effector T cells were inhibited by macrophage-released EVs in a miRNA-150-dependent manner. This effect was enhanced by the pre-incubation of EVs with antigen-specific antibodies. Their specific binding to MHC class II-expressing EVs was proved in flow cytometry and ELISA-based experiments. Furthermore, by the use of nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy, we found that the incubation of macrophage-released EVs with antigen-specific antibodies resulted in EVs' aggregation, which significantly enhanced their suppressive activity in vivo. Nowadays, it is increasingly evident that EVs play an exceptional role in intercellular communication and selective cargo transfer, and thus are considered promising candidates for therapeutic usage. However, EVs appear to be less effective than their parental cells. In this context, our current studies provide evidence that antigen-specific antibodies can be easily used for increasing EVs' biological activity, which has great therapeutic potential.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.