ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Monocyte Infiltration and Differentiation in 3D Multicellular Spheroid Cancer Models.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unlocking the Potential of Spheroids in Personalized Medicine: A Systematic Review of Seeding Methodologies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Immune-stromal interactions at the crossroads of tissue injury, repair, and tumor progression.Med (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Role of atomic force microscopy in characterization of heterotypic cancer spheroids and their interaction with microplastic particles.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages Loaded with Boron Carbide Nanoparticles Targeting the Glioblastoma Microenvironment for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- High-Throughput Heterospheroid-Based Screening Identifies Drugs That Reprogram Tumor-Associated Macrophages.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Cancer cell-monocyte co-culture spheroids recapitulate pro-tumorigenic, immunosuppressive, and drug-resistant microenvironments in brain metastatic breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Insights into spheroid formation: interaction of ovarian cancer cells with macrophage populations in the tumor microenvironment.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Formulation Strategies for Immunomodulatory Natural Products in 3D Tumor Spheroids and Organoids: Current Challenges and Emerging Solutions.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Oropharyngeal carcinomas induce circulating monocytes to express a TAM-like pro-tumor expression profile that suppresses T-cell proliferation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Multicellular tumor spheroid model to study the multifaceted role of tumor-associated macrophages in PDAC.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
- Modulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Is a Possible Underlying Mechanism for Inducing Chemoresistance in MIA PaCa-2 Cells against Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Knockout cancer by nano-delivered immunotherapy using perfusion-aided scaffold-based tumor-on-a-chip.Nanotheranostics · 2024Review
- Architectural organization and molecular profiling of 3D cancer heterospheroids and their application in drug testing.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Article
- Macrophage Profiling in Head and Neck Cancer to Improve Patient Prognosis and Assessment of Cancer Cell-Macrophage Interactions Using Three-Dimensional Coculture Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Macrophage induces anti-cancer drug resistance in canine mammary gland tumor spheroid.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Dual CSF1R inhibition and CD40 activation demonstrates anti-tumor activity in a 3D macrophage- HER2Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Biomimetic Targeted Theranostic Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Treatment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The interplay between the airway epithelium and tissue macrophages during the SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages often correlate with tumor progression, and therapies targeting immune cells in tumors have emerged as promising treatments. To select effective therapies, we established an in vitro 3D multicellular spheroid model including cancer cells, fibroblasts, and monocytes. We analyzed monocyte infiltration and differentiation in spheroids generated from fibroblasts and either of the cancer cell lines MCF-7, HT-29, PANC-1, or MIA PaCa-2. Monocytes rapidly infiltrated spheroids and differentiated into mature macrophages with diverse phenotypes in a cancer cell line-dependent manner. MIA PaCa-2 spheroids polarized infiltrating monocytes to M2-like macrophages with high CD206 and CD14 expression, whereas monocytes polarized by MCF-7 spheroids displayed an M1-like phenotype. Monocytes in HT-29 and PANC-1 primarily obtained an M2-like phenotype but also showed upregulation of M1 markers. Analysis of the secretion of 43 soluble factors demonstrated that the cytokine profile between spheroid cultures differed considerably depending on the cancer cell line. Secretion of most of the cytokines increased upon the addition of monocytes resulting in a more inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic environment. These multicellular spheroids can be used to recapitulate the tumor microenvironment and the phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages in vitro and provide more realistic 3D cancer models allowing the in vitro screening of immunotherapeutic compounds.
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