Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34451353›Full record

ReviewPolymers2021

A Comprehensive Review of Microneedles: Types, Materials, Processes, Characterizations and Applications.

Faisal Khaled Aldawood, Abhay Andar, Salil Desai

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Polymers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 157 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
157citing papers in PubMed
19.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

157 citing papers in PubMed, 406 citations in OpenAlex.

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97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Faisal Khaled AldawoodIndustrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Bisha, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia.
Abhay AndarPotomac Photonics, Inc., Halethorpe, MD 21227, USA.
Salil DesaiCenter for Excellence in Product Design and Advanced Manufacturing, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6116-2105
North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University · USPotomac Photonics (United States) · USUniversity of Bisha · SA

Funding

Center of Excellence in Product Design and Advanced Manufacturing Title-III AwardNational Science Foundation 1663128 and 2100739
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Drug delivery through the skin offers many advantages such as avoidance of hepatic first-pass metabolism, maintenance of steady plasma concentration, safety, and compliance over oral or parenteral pathways. However, the biggest challenge for transdermal delivery is that only a limited number of potent drugs with ideal physicochemical properties can passively diffuse and intercellularly permeate through skin barriers and achieve therapeutic concentration by this route. Significant efforts have been made toward the development of approaches to enhance transdermal permeation of the drugs. Among them, microneedles represent one of the microscale physical enhancement methods that greatly expand the spectrum of drugs for transdermal and intradermal delivery. Microneedles typically measure 0.1-1 mm in length. In this review, microneedle materials, fabrication routes, characterization techniques, and applications for transdermal delivery are discussed. A variety of materials such as silicon, stainless steel, and polymers have been used to fabricate solid, coated, hollow, or dissolvable microneedles. Their implications for transdermal drug delivery have been discussed extensively. However, there remain challenges with sustained delivery, efficacy, cost-effective fabrication, and large-scale manufacturing. This review discusses different modes of characterization and the gaps in manufacturing technologies associated with microneedles. This review also discusses their potential impact on drug delivery, vaccine delivery, disease diagnostic, and cosmetics applications.

Indexed as

3D printingadvanced manufacturingcharacterizationdrug deliverymicroneedlepolymerstherapeuticstransdermal

Identifiers

PMID34451353
PMCPMC8400269
OpenAlexW3194059104

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.