Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34450770›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Detection of Inflatable Boats and People in Thermal Infrared with Deep Learning Methods.

Marcin Łukasz Kowalski, Norbert Pałka, Jarosław Młyńczak, Mateusz Karol, Elżbieta Czerwińska, Marek Życzkowski, Wiesław Ciurapiński, Zbigniew Zawadzki, Sebastian Brawata

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Marcin Łukasz KowalskiInstitute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-1361-9828
Norbert PałkaInstitute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-1931-876X
Jarosław MłyńczakInstitute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-0823-9302
Mateusz KarolInstitute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland.
Elżbieta CzerwińskaInstitute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-8737-1901
Marek ŻyczkowskiInstitute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-2116-6969
Wiesław CiurapińskiInstitute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland.
Zbigniew ZawadzkiInstitute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland.
Sebastian BrawataVortex Sp. z o.o., 28/6. Grunwaldzka Ave., 80-229 Gdańsk, Poland.

Funding

National Centre for Research and Development DOB-BIO9/25/2018.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Smuggling of drugs and cigarettes in small inflatable boats across border rivers is a serious threat to the EU's financial interests. Early detection of such threats is challenging due to difficult and changing environmental conditions. This study reports on the automatic detection of small inflatable boats and people in a rough wild terrain in the infrared thermal domain. Three acquisition campaigns were carried out during spring, summer, and fall under various weather conditions. Three deep learning algorithms, namely, YOLOv2, YOLOv3, and Faster R-CNN working with six different feature extraction neural networks were trained and evaluated in terms of performance and processing time. The best performance was achieved with Faster R-CNN with ResNet101, however, processing requires a long time and a powerful graphics processing unit.

Indexed as

Deep LearningAlgorithmsEarly DiagnosisHumansNeural Networks, ComputerShipsautomatic object detectiondeep learningneural networksthermal infrared

Identifiers

PMID34450770
PMCPMC8401691

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.