ArticleInternational immunopharmacology2021
Matrix metalloproteinases are involved in the development of neurological complications in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019.
Article in International immunopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in COVID-19: a review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2023Pooled it
- When Viruses Talk through Extracellular Vesicles: a New Perspective on Sars-Cov-2-Induced Neurodegeneration.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- In silico structural and functional characterization of high-risk missense variants in MMP8, GZMK, and OASL genes associated with epidemic viral infections.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The extracellular matrix in inflammation and cancer.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Association between influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 infections and mood disorders.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as biomarkers of disease severity in COVID-19 patients.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of hematological indices and serum metalloproteinases-2 and 9 over 1 year after moderate and severe COVID-19.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Immune transcriptomic analysis on COVID-19 patients with varying clinical presentations identifies severity markers.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- MMP3 at the crossroads: Linking molecular pathways to disease diagnosis and therapy.Pharmacological research · 2025Review
- Enterococcus dysbiosis as a mediator of vitamin D deficiency-associated memory impairments.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Toll-Like Receptor Dysregulation in The Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.Advanced biomedical research · 2025Article
- The Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier Dysfunction in Brain Disorders and Stroke: Why, How, What For?Neuromolecular medicine · 2024Review
- Decreased Cerebral Creatine and N-Acetyl Aspartate Concentrations after Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Alterations in CX3CL1 Levels and Its Role in Viral Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Ginseng and ginsenosides on cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases; Pharmacological potentials for the coronavirus (COVID-19).Journal of ginseng research · 2024Review
- Redefining metalloproteases specificity through network proteolysis.Trends in molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Effect of treatment regimen of the rheumatoid arthritis patients on the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 by modulating the inflammatory mediators.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Article
- Elevated matrix metalloproteinase‑9 expression is associated with COVID‑19 severity: A meta‑analysis.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEvidence show that Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been associated with neurological complications in the viral infections. Here in the current investigation, we intended to reveal if MMPs are potentially involved in the development of neurological symptoms in the patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
methodsThe levels of MMPs, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules were evaluated in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 10 COVID-19 patients with neurological syndrome (NS) and 10 COVID-19 patients lacking NS. Monocytes from the CSF samples were treated with TNF-α and the secreted levels of MMPs were determined.
resultsThe frequency of monocytes were increased in the CSF samples of COVID-19 patients with NS compared to patients without NS. Levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, chemokines CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL7, CCL12, CXCL8, and CX3CL1, MMPs MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-12, and adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin were significantly increased in the CSF samples of COVID-19 patients with NS compared with patients without NS. Treatment of CSF-derived monocytes obtained from COVID-19 patients with NS caused increased production of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-12.
conclusionsHigher levels of inflammatory cytokines might promote the expression of adhesion molecules on blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB), resulting in facilitation of monocyte recruitment. Increased levels of CSF chemokines might also help to the trafficking of monocytes to CSF. Inflammatory cytokines might enhance production of MMPs from monocytes, leading to disruption of BCSFB (and therefore further infiltration of inflammatory cells to CSF) in COVID-19 patients with NS.
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