ArticleEuropean heart journal2021
Prognostic value of stress echocardiography assessed by the ABCDE protocol.
Article in European heart journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypercontractile phenotype at rest in chronic coronary syndromes predicts impaired functional reserve and increased mortality.ESC heart failure · 2026Article
- Guideline on Stress Echocardiography - 2026.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2026Article
- Moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation at rest is associated with multiple functional vulnerabilities during exercise stress echocardiography.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2026Article
- Causal AI in Cardiac Arrhythmia: From Pattern Recognition to Mechanistic Insight.Clinical cardiology · 2026Review
- Impact of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction on Left Ventricular Function After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Assessment With Combined Dipyridamole-Exercise Stress and Myocardial Strain/Work.Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Improving Stress Echocardiography for Enhanced Detection of Left Main and Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease.CJC open · 2026Article
- Aortic valve stenosis in high-Lipoprotein(a) patients: the role of lipoprotein apheresis.Endocrine · 2025Article
- Prognostic value of adenosine stress echocardiography in chronic coronary syndromes with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.Cardiovascular ultrasound · 2025Article
- Clinical research and trials in echocardiography: rationale, requirements and future opportunities.Echo research and practice · 2025Review
- Multimodality Imaging for Diagnosis of Ischemic Heart Disease in Latin American Women from IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) Collaboratory.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
- Prognostic significance of coronary flow velocity reserve in patients with peripheral arterial disease.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2025Observational
- Reserve of global constructive work for early diagnosis of myocardial ischemia and risk stratification in chronic coronary syndrome.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Is Any ABCDE Stress Echocardiography Score Equivalent to Stress-Induced Ischaemia? Reply With a Modified 2-Stage Approach.Korean circulation journal · 2025Article
- Non-ischemic phenotypes of low-risk chest pain patients based on exercise stress echocardiography: a pilot study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Predictors of hypercontractile heart phenotype in patients with chronic coronary syndromes or heart failure.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2024Article
- Impact of Stress Echocardiography on Aortic Valve Stenosis Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- The Role of Multimodality Imaging (CT & MR) as a Guide to the Management of Chronic Coronary Syndromes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- High Resting Coronary Flow Velocity by Echocardiography Is Associated With Worse Survival in Patients With Chronic Coronary Syndromes.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Observational
- Editorial: Stress echocardiography in cardiovascular diseases.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Rest and Stress Left Atrial Dysfunction in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
25 authors at 13 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThe aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of ABCDE-SE in a prospective, large scale, multicentre, international, effectiveness study. Stress echocardiography (SE) was recently upgraded to the ABCDE protocol: step A, regional wall motion abnormalities; step B, B lines; step C, left ventricular contractile reserve; step D, Doppler-based coronary flow velocity reserve in left anterior descending coronary artery; and step E, electrocardiogram-based heart rate reserve. METHODS AND
resultsFrom July 2016 to November 2020, we enrolled 3574 all-comers (age 65 ± 11 years, 2070 males, 58%; ejection fraction 60 ± 10%) with known or suspected chronic coronary syndromes referred from 13 certified laboratories. All patients underwent clinically indicated ABCDE-SE. The employed stress modality was exercise (n = 952, with semi-supine bike, n = 887, or treadmill, n = 65 with adenosine for step D) or pharmacological stress (n = 2622, with vasodilator, n = 2151; or dobutamine, n = 471). SE response ranged from score 0 (all steps normal) to score 5 (all steps abnormal). All-cause death was the only endpoint. Rate of abnormal results was 16% for A, 30% for B, 36% for C, 28% for D, and 37% for E steps. During a median follow-up of 21 months (interquartile range: 13-36), 73 deaths occurred. Global X2 was 49.5 considering clinical variables, 50.7 after step A only (P = NS (not significant)) and 80.6 after B-E steps (P < 0.001 vs. step A). Annual mortality rate ranged from 0.4% person-year for score 0 up to 2.7% person-year for score 5.
conclusionABCDE-SE allows an effective prediction of survival in patients with chronic coronary syndromes.
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