ReviewJournal of Intelligence2021
Levels of Emotional Awareness: Theory and Measurement of a Socio-Emotional Skill.
Review in Journal of Intelligence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mentalizing impairments in somatic symptom disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Psychodynamic treatments taking an embodied perspective and their effect on depressive symptomatology: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Individual differences in emotional reactivity: A multidimensional systematic review across the big five.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- Large Language Models and Empathy: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- Training emotional competencies at the workplace: a systematic review and metaanalysis.BMC psychology · 2024Pooled it
- A bibliometric analysis and literature review on emotional skills.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Pooled it
- The Assessment of Metacognition in Psychosis: Systematic Review and Future Lines of Research.Clinical psychology & psychotherapyPooled it
- Emotion word repertoire in the adult attachment interview predicts a reduction of non-suicidal self-injury in the psychotherapy of borderline personality disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Coping, Emotional Processing, and Cancer-Related Symptoms in Breast Cancer Survivors: Cross-Sectional Secondary Analysis of the REPAT Study.Psycho-oncology · 2025Trial
- HRV-based workplace consultation for managers: a randomized controlled trial on enhancing biopsychosocial awareness and reducing perceived stress.Frontiers in public health · 2025Trial
- Improvements in mindfulness, interoceptive and emotional awareness, emotion regulation, and interpersonal emotion management following completion of an online emotional skills training program.Emotion (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Trial
- Associations Between Facets of Pathological Personality Traits and Alexithymia: The Roles of Detachment and Negative Affect.Scandinavian journal of psychology · 2026Article
- Psychosocial Correlates of Physical Activity Engagement in University Students: A Systematic Review of Resilience and Emotional Processes.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Right-hemisphere lateralisation evidenced from the chimeric face task predicts self-reported social competencies.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- The Role of Trait Empathy and State-Level Emotion in Predicting Helpers' Facilitative Interpersonal Skill.Journal of clinical psychology · 2026Article
- Age-Related Differences in Emotion Regulation: Examining Emotion Regulation Skill Interactions in Adolescents and Young Adults.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2026Article
- Article
- Emotional literacy and levels of consciousness in bio-psycho-social-spiritual-ecological (5D) model of human experience.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Validation of the Arabic version of the Brief Emotional Intelligence Scale.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Emotional awareness is the ability to conceptualize and describe one's own emotions and those of others. Over thirty years ago, a cognitive-developmental theory of emotional awareness patterned after Piaget's theory of cognitive development was created as well as a performance measure of this ability called the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS). Since then, a large number of studies have been completed in healthy volunteers and clinical populations including those with mental health or systemic medical disorders. Along the way, there have also been further refinements and adaptations of the LEAS such as the creation of a digital version in addition to further advances in the theory itself. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the evolving theoretical background, measurement methods, and empirical findings with the LEAS. The LEAS is a reliable and valid measure of emotional awareness. Evidence suggests that emotional awareness facilitates better emotion self-regulation, better ability to navigate complex social situations and enjoy relationships, and better physical and mental health. This is a relatively new but promising area of research in the domain of socio-emotional skills. The paper concludes with some recommendations for future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.