ArticleBiomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie2021
MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in plasma are altered and associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Article in Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05844215 (Role of MMP-9, TIMP-1 as Markers of Lung Imaging and Functional Abnormality of COVID-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Role of MMP-9, TIMP-1 as Markers of Lung Imaging and Functional Abnormality of COVID-19
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Smoking and vaping alter genes related to mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The European respiratory journal · 2024Pooled it
- Assessing Sarcocornia as a Salt Substitute: Effects on Lipid Profile and Gelatinase Activity.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Epigenetic and microRNA-mediated regulation of pulmonary fibrosis and immune dysregulation in fatal COVID-19.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Dysregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in Post-COVID-19 and IPF: Correlations with Systemic Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Insight to Neglected Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Comprehensive Narrative Review".Biomarker insights · 2026Review
- Longitudinal trajectories of hematological indices and serum metalloproteinases-2 and 9 over 1 year after moderate and severe COVID-19.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Redox-Dependent Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases Regulates Influenza A Virus Replication in Neuronal Cells.International journal of microbiology · 2026Article
- Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as a Therapeutic Target: Insights into Molecular Pathways and Clinical Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Human neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles induce renal endothelial inflammation in critical illness: an ex vivo investigation.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- Musculoskeletal Complications in COVID-19: Exploring the Role of Key Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Inflammatory and Angiogenic Mediators Are Differentially Ex-Pressed in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome with Normal and Abnormal Spirometry Results.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- MMP-9 metalloproteinase and its regulator are not associated with mid-term CT residual abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.Acta radiologica open · 2025Article
- COVID-19 and Parasitic Co-Infection: A Hypothetical Link to Pulmonary Vascular Disease.Infectious disease reports · 2025Review
- The Role of the VWF/ADAMTS13 Axis in the Thromboinflammatory Response in Ischemic Stroke After SARS-CoV2 Infection.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- IsLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Targeting Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 to Alleviate T Cell Exhaustion and Improve Sepsis Prognosis.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Pharmacological mechanisms of probenecid for SARS-CoV-2 and RSV co-infection: findings of system pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and structure-activity relationship.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- TrimmedTheranostics · 2025Article
- Vascular fibrosis and extracellular matrix remodelling in post-COVID 19 conditions.Infectious medicine · 2024Review
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Respiratory symptoms are one of COVID-19 manifestations, and the metalloproteinases (MMPs) have essential roles in the lung physiology. We sought to characterize the plasmatic levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in patients with severe COVID-19 and to investigate an association between plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels and clinical outcomes and mortality. MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in plasma from patients with COVID-19 treated in the ICU (COVID-19 group) and Control patients were measured with the zymography. The study groups were matched for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, BMI, and obesity profile. MMP-2 levels were lower and MMP-9 levels were higher in a COVID-19 group (p < 0.0001) compared to Controls. MMP-9 levels in COVID-19 patients were not affected by comorbidity such as hypertension or obesity. MMP-2 levels were affected by hypertension (p < 0.05), but unaffected by obesity status. Notably, hypertensive COVID-19 patients had higher MMP-2 levels compared to the non-hypertensive COVID-19 group, albeit still lower than Controls (p < 0.05). No association between MMP-2 and MMP-9 plasmatic levels and corticosteroid treatment or acute kidney injury was found in COVID-19 patients. The survival analysis showed that COVID-19 mortality was associated with increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels. Age, hypertension, BMI, and MMP-2 and MMP-9 were better predictors of mortality during hospitalization than SAPS3 and SOFA scores at hospital admission. In conclusion, a significant association between MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels and COVID-19 was found. Notably, MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels predicted the risk of in-hospital death suggesting possible pathophysiologic and prognostic roles.
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