Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34449132›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2021

Reversible, Selective, Ultrawide-Range Variable Stiffness Control by Spatial Micro-Water Molecule Manipulation.

Inho Ha, Minwoo Kim, Kyun Kyu Kim, Sukjoon Hong, Hyunmin Cho, Jinhyeong Kwon, Seonggeun Han, Yeosang Yoon, Phillip Won, Seung Hwan Ko

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 34% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Nature-Inspired Innovation in Electrical Engineering Technologies and Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Inho HaSoft Robotics Research Center, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
Minwoo KimSoft Robotics Research Center, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
Kyun Kyu KimSoft Robotics Research Center, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
Sukjoon HongOptical Nanoprocessing Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Korea.
Hyunmin ChoApplied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
Jinhyeong KwonIntelligent Manufacturing System R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31056, Korea.
Seonggeun HanApplied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
Yeosang YoonApplied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
Phillip WonApplied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
Seung Hwan KoSoft Robotics Research Center, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-7477-0820
Seoul National University · KRHanyang University · KRKorea Automotive Technology Institute · KR

Funding

National Research Foundation of Korea 2021R1A2B5B03001691National Research Foundation of Korea NRF-2016R1A5A1938472
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Evolution has decided to gift an articular structure to vertebrates, but not to invertebrates, owing to their distinct survival strategies. An articular structure permits kinematic motion in creatures. However, it is inappropriate for creatures whose survival strategy depends on the high deformability of their body. Accordingly, a material in which the presence of the articular structure can be altered, allowing the use of two contradictory strategies, will be advantageous in diverse dynamic applications. Herein, spatial micro-water molecule manipulation, termed engineering on variable occupation of water (EVO), that is used to realize a material with dual mechanical modes that exhibit extreme differences in stiffness is introduced. A transparent and homogeneous soft material (110 kPa) reversibly converts to an opaque material embodying a mechanical gradient (ranging from 1 GPa to 1 MPa) by on-demand switching. Intensive theoretical analysis of EVO yields the design of spatial transformation scheme. The EVO gel accomplishes kinematic motion planning and shows great promise for multimodal kinematics. This approach paves the way for the development and application of smart functional materials.

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionAnimalsBiomechanical PhenomenaMotionRange of Motion, ArticularVertebratesWaterWaterlocal rigidity modulationmechanical dual modespatial micro-water manipulation

Identifiers

PMID34449132
PMCPMC8529442
OpenAlexW3196212510

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.