Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34448990›Full record

ReviewNeurosurgical review2022

Preclinical and clinical role of interleukin-6 in the development of delayed cerebral vasospasm and neuronal cell death after subarachnoid hemorrhage: towards a potential target therapy?

Davide Marco Croci, Sivani Sivanrupan, Stefan Wanderer, Guilherme J Agnoletto, Alessio Chiappini, Basil E Grüter, Lukas Andereggen, Luigi Mariani, Philipp Taussky, Serge Marbacher

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Neurosurgical review, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  12. Impact of human serum albumin level on symptomatic cerebral vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Davide Marco Croci *Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, 175 N Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA. neurosurgery@ksa.ch.
Sivani Sivanrupan *Cerebrovascular Research Group, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Stefan WandererCerebrovascular Research Group, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Guilherme J AgnolettoDepartment of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, 175 N Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
Alessio ChiappiniDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Basil E GrüterCerebrovascular Research Group, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Lukas AndereggenCerebrovascular Research Group, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Luigi MarianiDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Philipp TausskyDepartment of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, 175 N Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
Serge MarbacherCerebrovascular Research Group, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS), early brain injury (EBI), and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) are devastating complications after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Interleukin (IL)-6 seems to be an important interleukin in the inflammatory response after SAH, and many studies describe a strong correlation between IL-6 and worse outcome. The aim of this study was to systematically review preclinical and clinical studies that evaluated systemic and cerebral IL-6 levels after SAH and their relation to DCVS, neuronal cell death, and DCI. We conducted two systematic literature searches using PubMed to identify preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the role of IL-6 after SAH. Suitable articles were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A total of 61 and 30 preclinical and clinical articles, respectively, were included in the systematic reviews. Of the preclinical studies in which IL-6 was measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), parenchyma, and systemically, 100%, 94.4%, and 81.3%, respectively, showed increased expression of IL-6 after SAH. Preclinical results were mirrored by clinical findings in which elevated levels of IL-6 in CSF and plasma were found after SAH, correlating with DCVS, DCI, and worse outcome. Only two preclinical studies analyzed the direct inhibition of IL-6, which resulted in reduced DCVS and neuronal cell death. IL-6 is a marker of intracranial inflammation and plays a role in the pathophysiology of DCVS and DCI after SAH in preclinical animal models and clinical studies. Its inhibition might have therapeutic potential to improve the outcome of SAH patients.

Indexed as

Brain IschemiaSubarachnoid HemorrhageVasospasm, IntracranialAnimalsCell DeathHumansInterleukin-6Interleukin-6Delayed cerebral ischemiaInflammationInterleukin-6Subarachnoid hemorrhageVasospasm

Identifiers

PMID34448990
PMCPMC8391870

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.