ArticleJMIR formative research2021
Evaluation and Refinement of a Bank of SMS Text Messages to Promote Behavior Change Adherence Following a Diabetes Prevention Program: Survey Study.
Article in JMIR formative research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploring Response Patterns to Motivational Messages Supporting Physical Activity: Latent Class Analysis.JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- Development of a Theory-Based mHealth App for Fatigue Management in Lupus: Human-Centered Design Approach.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Development and testing of mobile phone text messages for improving maternal and newborn care practice in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia: a user-centered design approach.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2025Article
- Development and Use of Mobile Messaging for Individuals With Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions: Scoping Review.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2024Article
- Developing Mobile Health Interventions With Implementation in Mind: Application of the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) Preparation Phase to Diabetes Prevention Programming.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundSMS text messaging is a low-cost and far-reaching modality that can be used to augment existing diabetes prevention programs and improve long-term diet and exercise behavior change adherence. To date, little research has been published regarding the process of SMS text message content development. Understanding how interventions are developed is necessary to evaluate their evidence base and to guide the implementation of effective and scalable mobile health interventions in public health initiatives and in future research.
objectiveThis study aims to describe the development and refinement of a bank of SMS text messages targeting diet and exercise behavior change to be implemented following a diabetes prevention program.
methodsA bank of 124 theory-based SMS text messages was developed using the Behaviour Change Wheel and linked to active intervention components (behavior change techniques [BCTs]). The Behaviour Change Wheel is a theory-based framework that provides structure to intervention development and can guide the use of evidence-based practices in behavior change interventions. Once the messages were written, 18 individuals who either participated in a diabetes prevention program or were a diabetes prevention coach evaluated the messages on their clarity, utility, and relevance via survey using a 5-point Likert scale. Messages were refined according to participant feedback and recoded to obtain an accurate representation of BCTs in the final bank.
results76/124 (61.3%) messages were edited, 4/124 (3.2%) were added, and 8/124 (6.5%) were removed based on participant scores and feedback. Of the edited messages, 43/76 (57%) received minor word choice and grammar alterations while retaining their original BCT code; the remaining 43% (33/76, plus the 4 newly written messages) were recoded by a reviewer trained in BCT identification.
conclusionsThis study outlines the process used to develop and refine a bank of SMS text messages to be implemented following a diabetes prevention program. This resulted in a bank of 120 theory-based, user-informed SMS text messages that were overall deemed clear, useful, and relevant by both individuals who will be receiving and delivering them. This formative development process can be used as a blueprint in future SMS text messaging development to ensure that message content is representative of the evidence base and is also grounded in theory and evaluated by key knowledge users.
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