Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34448496›Full record

SynthesisJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2021

Associations of delirium with urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults aged 65 and older: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Damir Krinitski, Rafal Kasina, Stefan Klöppel, Eric Lenouvel

Open access · hybridAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
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  5. Review
  6. Routine admission urinalysis has low clinical utility in psychiatric hospitalizations.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
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  11. Improving effective antimicrobial resistance (AMR) prevention in ambulatory care: lessons from secondary appraisal of Belgian anti-infectious treatment care guidelines.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
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  17. Associations between early in-hospital medications and the development of delirium in patients with stroke.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2023
    Article
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  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Damir KrinitskiFaculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Rafal KasinaFaculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Stefan KlöppelFaculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Eric LenouvelFaculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
University of Bern · CHEcosens (Switzerland) · CHWinterthur Gas & Diesel (Switzerland) · CH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine the associations of delirium with urinary tract infection (UTI) and asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) in individuals aged 65 and older.

methodsThe protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis was published on PROSPERO (CRD42020164341). Electronic databases were searched for relevant studies, professional associations and experts in the field were additionally contacted. Studies with control groups reporting associations between delirium and UTI as well as delirium and AB in older adults were included. The random effects model meta-analysis was conducted using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as effect size measures. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to rate the studies' quality. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q and I

resultsTwenty nine relevant studies (16,618 participants) examining the association between delirium and UTI in older adults were identified. The association between delirium and UTI was found to be significant (OR 2.67; 95% CI 2.12-3.36; p < 0.001) and persisted regardless of potential confounders. The association between delirium and AB in older adults in the only eligible study found (192 participants) was insignificant (OR 1.62; 95% CI 0.57-4.65; p = 0.37). All included studies were of moderate quality.

conclusionThe results of this study support the association between delirium and UTI in older adults. Insufficient evidence was found to conclude on an association between delirium and AB in this age group. These findings are limited due to the moderate quality of the included studies and a lack of available research on the association between delirium and AB. Future studies should use the highest quality approaches for defining both delirium and UTI and consider AB in their investigations.

Indexed as

AgedBacteriuriaDeliriumHospitalsHumansNursing HomesUrinary Tract Infectionsasymptomatic bacteriuriadeliriumurinary tract infection

Identifiers

PMID34448496
PMCPMC9292354
OpenAlexW3193562718

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.