Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34448323›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of pain (London, England)2022

Intraoperative pain during caesarean delivery: Incidence, risk factors and physician perception.

Amir Keltz, Philip Heesen, Daniel Katz, Ido Neuman, Anna Morgenshtein, Karam Azem, Yair Binyamin, Eran Hadar, Leonid A Eidelman, Sharon Orbach-Zinger

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of pain (London, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pain only she knows.Anaesthesia · 2026
    Article
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  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Failure of neuraxial anesthesia for postpartum tubal ligation: a single-centre retrospective cohort study.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2025
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  7. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Amir KeltzDepartment of Anesthesiology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.
Philip HeesenFaculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Daniel KatzDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Ido NeumanDepartment of Anesthesiology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.
Anna MorgenshteinDepartment of women's surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.
Karam AzemDepartment of Anesthesiology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.
Yair BinyaminDepartment of Anesthesiology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
Eran HadarSackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Leonid A EidelmanDepartment of Anesthesiology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.
Sharon Orbach-ZingerDepartment of Anesthesiology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.
Rabin Medical Center · ILTel Aviv University · ILIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · USSoroka Medical Center · ILUniversity of Zurich · CH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIntraoperative pain is a possible complication of neuraxial anaesthesia for caesarean delivery. There is little information available about its incidence, risk factors and physician perception.

methodsParturients undergoing spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean delivery were enrolled. Before surgery, parturients were asked about preoperative anxiety on a verbal numerical scale (VNS), anticipated analgesic requirement, postoperative pain levels, Spielberger STATE-TRAIT inventory index, Pain Catastrophizing Scale. After surgery, parturients were asked to answer questions (intraoperative VNS pain). The anaesthesiologist and obstetrician were asked to fill out a questionnaire asking about perceived intraoperative pain. Influence of preoperative anxiety on intraoperative pain (yes/no) was assessed using logistic regression. Mc Fadden's R

resultsWe included 193 parturients in our analysis. Incidence of intraoperative pain was 11.9%. Median intraoperative VNS pain of parturients with pain was 4.0 (1st quartile 4.0; 3rd quartile 9.0). Preoperative anxiety was not a good predictor of intraoperative pain (p-value of β-coefficient = 0.43, Mc Fadden's R

conclusionsWe found a substantial incidence (11.9%) of intraoperative pain during caesarean delivery. Preoperative anxiety did not predict intraoperative pain. Physicians did not accurately identify parturients' intraoperative pain. SIGNIFICANCE: Intraoperative pain occurred in 11.9% and severe intraoperative pain occurred in 1.11% of parturients undergoing elective caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia. We did not find any preoperative variables that could reliably predict intraoperative pain. Obstetricians and anaesthesiologists underestimated the incidence of intraoperative pain in our cohort and thus, more attention must be put to parturients' pain.

Indexed as

Cesarean SectionPhysiciansFemaleHumansIncidencePerceptionPostoperative PainPregnancyRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID34448323
PMCPMC9291577
OpenAlexW3194777339

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.