ArticlePlanta2021
Topically delivered 22 nt siRNAs enhance RNAi silencing of endogenous genes in two species.
Article in Planta, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The unfulfilled potential of nanocarriers for RNA delivery in antiviral crop protection.Nature plants · 2026Review
- Cross-kingdom RNAi: a universal mechanism of inter-organismal communication with many unknowns.Journal of experimental botany · 2026Review
- Exogenous 24nt siRNAs induce AGO4A-dependent silencing via promoter DNA methylation and H3K9me2 deposition.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- RNAi technology development for weed control: all smoke and no fire?Pest management science · 2025Review
- Cross-kingdom RNAi induced by a beneficial endophytic fungus to its host requires transitivity and amplification of silencing signals.Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany) · 2025Article
- The Emerging Applications of Artificial MicroRNA-Mediated Gene Silencing in Plant Biotechnology.Non-coding RNA · 2025Review
- RNAi spray-induced gene silencing ofFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Nanovector-mediated exogenous delivery of dsRNA induces silencing of target genes in very young tomato flower buds.Nanoscale advances · 2022Article
- Transgene-free genome editing and RNAi ectopic application in fruit trees: Potential and limitations.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Review
- MicroRNA-mediated bioengineering for climate-resilience in crops.Bioengineered · 2021Review
- Exogenous RNA as a Regulatory Signal during a Plant's Interaction with the Biotic Environment: An Evolutionary Perspective and Future Applications in Agriculture.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Spray-Induced Silencing of Pathogenicity GeneFrontiers in plant science · 2021Article
- Systemic GFP silencing is associated with high transgene expression in Nicotiana benthamiana.PloS one · 2021Article
- Barriers to Efficient Foliar Uptake of dsRNA and Molecular Barriers to dsRNA Activity in Plant Cells.Frontiers in plant science · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
MAIN
conclusion22 nt siRNAs applied to leaves induce production of transitive sRNAs for targeted genes and can enhance local silencing. Systemic silencing was only observed for a GFP transgene. RNA interference (RNAi) is a gene silencing mechanism important in regulating gene expression during plant development, response to the environment and defense. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of this pathway may lead to future strategies to improve crop traits of value. An abrasion method to deliver siRNAs into leaf cells of intact plants was used to investigate the activities of 21 and 22 nt siRNAs in silencing genes in Nicotiana benthamiana and Amaranthus cruentus. We confirmed that both 21 and 22 nt siRNAs were able to silence a green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene in treated leaves of N. benthamiana, but systemic silencing of GFP occurred only when the guide strand contained 22 nt. Silencing in the treated leaves of N. benthamiana was demonstrated for three endogenous genes: magnesium cheletase subunit I (CHL-I), magnesium cheletase subunit H (CHL-H), and GENOMES UNCOUPLED4 (GUN4). However, systemic silencing of these endogenous genes was not observed. Very high levels of transitive siRNAs were produced for GFP in response to treatment with 22 nt siRNAs but only low levels were produced in response to a 21 nt siRNA. The endogenous genes tested also produced transitive siRNAs in response to 22 nt siRNAs. 22 nt siRNAs produced greater local silencing phenotypes than 21 nt siRNAs for three of the genes. These special properties of 22 nt siRNAs were also observed for the CHL-H gene in A. cruentus. These experiments suggest a functional role for transitive siRNAs in amplifying the RNAi response.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.