Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34447896›Full record

ArticleAEM education and training2021

An exploratory investigation of the measurement of cognitive load on shift: Application of cognitive load theory in emergency medicine.

Kimberly M Vella, Andrew K Hall, Jeroen J G van Merrienboer, Wilma M Hopman, Adam Szulewski

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in AEM education and training, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

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  2. Evidence-Based Medicine Meets Artificial Intelligence: Reframing Critical Appraisal in Emergency Medicine.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2026
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  7. A scoping review of cognitive load assessment tools suitable for clinicians performing REBOA.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 4 countries.

Kimberly M VellaFaculty of Health Sciences Queen's University Kingston ON Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0526-9060
Andrew K HallDepartment of Emergency Medicine Queen's University Kingston ON Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1227-5397
Jeroen J G van MerrienboerDepartment of Educational Development and Research Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences Maastricht University ER Maastricht The Netherlands.
Wilma M HopmanKingston General Hospital Research Institute Department of Public Health Sciences Queen's University Kingston ON Canada.
Adam SzulewskiDepartments of Emergency Medicine & Psychology Queen's University Kingston Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3076-6221
Queen's University · CAMaastricht University · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEmergency physicians often experience a high cognitive load (CL) due to the inherent nature of working in acute care settings. CL has traditionally been measured in educational studies but has not been well studied in the clinical environment.

methodsEmergency medicine attending physicians and residents working in an academic urgent care center completed psychometric questionnaires while on shift to measure overall CL, intrinsic cognitive load (ICL), extraneous cognitive load (ECL), and acute stress. Data regarding the patient load, patient acuity, and the number of patients in the waiting room were also collected. Correlational analysis and simple linear regression were used to evaluate predictors of CL on shift.

resultsForty-two questionnaires were completed (26 by attending physicians, 16 by residents). Attending physicians carried a significantly higher patient load compared to residents (

conclusionsFactors influencing reported CL during clinical work are different between attending emergency physicians and residents. Further study to appreciate the impact of these differences is required and may help educators elucidate strategies to better manage CL, thereby improving clinical performance and potentially improving patient care.

Indexed as

clinical medicinecognitive loadcognitive load theoryemergency medicinemedical educationstress

Identifiers

PMID34447896
PMCPMC8372981
OpenAlexW3170903150

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.