ArticleScientific reports2021
Bovine innate immune phenotyping via a standardized whole blood stimulation assay.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Whole blood response to lipopolysaccharide depends on both physiological and genetic factors in dairy cattle.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Genetic and non-genetic factors distinctly shape the variation of the immune response in cattle.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory activities of bovine host defense peptides (HDPs): context-dependent roles in inflammation and immune priming.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- A new type of biomarker for heat stress: insights from immunology.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Kangayam and Tharparkar cattle exhibit higher duplications in innate immune genes compared to Sahiwal, Gir, Karan Fries, and Holstein Friesian: insights from an array comparative genomic hybridization.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Review of the Bovine Immune Response to Pathogens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Assessment of immune responses toFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Cytokine production by bovine adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction cells upon Neospora caninum stimulation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Hyper-induction of IL-6 after TLR1/2 stimulation in calves with bovine respiratory disease.PloS one · 2024Article
- Long-term in vivo vitamin DScientific reports · 2023Article
- Impact of Selected Bacterial and Viral Toll-like Receptor Agonists on the Phenotype and Function of Camel Blood Neutrophils.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Standardized Whole Blood Assay and Bead-Based Cytokine Profiling Reveal Commonalities and Diversity of the Response to Bacteria and TLR Ligands in Cattle.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cattle vary in their susceptibility to infection and immunopathology, but our ability to measure and longitudinally profile immune response variation is limited by the lack of standardized immune phenotyping assays for high-throughput analysis. Here we report longitudinal innate immune response profiles in cattle using a low-blood volume, whole blood stimulation system-the ImmunoChek (IChek) assay. By minimizing cell manipulation, our standardized system minimizes the potential for artefactual results and enables repeatable temporal comparative analysis in cattle. IChek successfully captured biological variation in innate cytokine (IL-1β and IL-6) and chemokine (IL-8) responses to 24-hr stimulation with either Gram-negative (LPS), Gram-positive (PamCSK4) bacterial or viral (R848) pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) across a 4-month time window. Significant and repeatable patterns of inter-individual variation in cytokine and chemokine responses, as well as consistent high innate immune responder individuals were identified at both baseline and induced levels. Correlation coefficients between immune response read-outs (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) varied according to PAMP. Strong significant positive correlations were observed between circulating monocytes and IL-6 levels for null and induced responses (0.49-0.61) and between neutrophils and cytokine responses to R848 (0.38-0.47). The standardized assay facilitates high-throughput bovine innate immune response profiling to identify phenotypes associated with disease susceptibility and responses to vaccination.
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