ArticleNature communications2021
3D electron-beam writing at sub-15 nm resolution using spider silk as a resist.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rapid volumetric bioprinting of pristine protein-based (bio)inks.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Electron-Induced C─F Bond Activation in SnAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Nanostructured Protein Surfaces Inspired by Spider Silk.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Micro/nano motors treating of digestive system diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Designing the Next Generation of Biomaterials through Nanoengineering.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Advancements and challenges in inverse lithography technology: a review of artificial intelligence-based approaches.Light, science & applications · 2025Review
- Morphology Effect of Puffball Spores on Hemostasis: A Promising Solution for Hemostatic Challenges.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Advancements in Lithography Techniques and Emerging Molecular Strategies for Nanostructure Fabrication.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review on Electrospray Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Exploring Applications.Polymers for advanced technologies · 2024Article
- Tyrosine Mutation in the Characteristic Motif of the Amorphous Region of Spidroin for Self-Assembly Capability Enhancement.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Multi- and Gray-Scale Thermal Lithography of Silk Fibroin as Water-Developable Resist for Micro and Nanofabrication.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Plasmon-enhanced fluorescence for biophotonics and bio-analytical applications.Frontiers in chemistry · 2024Review
- Honeycomb-like Ag Nanocavity Array for SERS Observations Using Plasmon-Mediated Chemical Reactions.Micromachines · 2023Article
- Volumetric additive manufacturing of pristine silk-based (bio)inks.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Plasmonic Biosensors with Nanostructure for Healthcare Monitoring and Diseases Diagnosis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- 3D electron-beam writing at sub-15 nm resolution using spider silk as a resist.Nature communications · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Electron beam lithography (EBL) is renowned to provide fabrication resolution in the deep nanometer scale. One major limitation of current EBL techniques is their incapability of arbitrary 3d nanofabrication. Resolution, structure integrity and functionalization are among the most important factors. Here we report all-aqueous-based, high-fidelity manufacturing of functional, arbitrary 3d nanostructures at a resolution of sub-15 nm using our developed voltage-regulated 3d EBL. Creating arbitrary 3d structures of high resolution and high strength at nanoscale is enabled by genetically engineering recombinant spider silk proteins as the resist. The ability to quantitatively define structural transitions with energetic electrons at different depths within the 3d protein matrix enables polymorphic spider silk proteins to be shaped approaching the molecular level. Furthermore, genetic or mesoscopic modification of spider silk proteins provides the opportunity to embed and stabilize physiochemical and/or biological functions within as-fabricated 3d nanostructures. Our approach empowers the rapid and flexible fabrication of heterogeneously functionalized and hierarchically structured 3d nanocomponents and nanodevices, offering opportunities in biomimetics, therapeutic devices and nanoscale robotics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.