Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34446702›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Implantable optical fibers for immunotherapeutics delivery and tumor impedance measurement.

Ai Lin Chin, Shan Jiang, Eungyo Jang, Liqian Niu, Liwu Li, Xiaoting Jia, Rong Tong

Abstract readEvaluation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Design, Construction, and Application of Implantable Fiber Biosensors.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Multimodal Layer-Crossing Interrogation of Brain Circuits Enabled by Microfluidic Axialtrodes.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ai Lin Chin *Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6875-818X
Shan Jiang *Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1567-2745
Eungyo JangDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Liqian NiuDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Liwu LiDepartment of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Xiaoting JiaBradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA. xjia@vt.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-4890-6103
Rong TongDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA. rtong@vt.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-2034-9272

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune checkpoint blockade antibodies have promising clinical applications but suffer from disadvantages such as severe toxicities and moderate patient-response rates. None of the current delivery strategies, including local administration aiming to avoid systemic toxicities, can sustainably supply drugs over the course of weeks; adjustment of drug dose, either to lower systemic toxicities or to augment therapeutic response, is not possible. Herein, we develop an implantable miniaturized device using electrode-embedded optical fibers with both local delivery and measurement capabilities over the course of a few weeks. The combination of local immune checkpoint blockade antibodies delivery via this device with photodynamic therapy elicits a sustained anti-tumor immunity in multiple tumor models. Our device uses tumor impedance measurement for timely presentation of treatment outcomes, and allows modifications to the delivered drugs and their concentrations, rendering this device potentially useful for on-demand delivery of potent immunotherapeutics without exacerbating toxicities.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntibodiesCombined Modality TherapyDrug Delivery SystemsElectric ImpedanceFemaleHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunotherapyMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, Inbred C57BLNeoplasmsOptical FibersPhotochemotherapyProstheses and ImplantsAntibodiesImmune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID34446702
PMCPMC8390758

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.