ReviewScience (New York, N.Y.)2021
Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses.
Review in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 557 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
557 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mpox Airborne Transmission: A Systematic Review.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis of COVID-19 Cluster Events Suggestive of Long-Distance Airborne Transmission/Inhalation.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Pooled it
- Relevance of social contact definitions for use in infectious disease transmission modeling: a systematic review and recommendations.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Global meta-analysis of short-term associations between ambient temperature and pathogen-specific respiratory infections, 2004 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Pooled it
- Trends in Proportions of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Among Reported Respiratory Tract Infection Cases in Children Aged 0 to 5 Years in Western Pacific and Southeast Asia Regions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Pooled it
- Host factors associated with respiratory particle emission and virus presence within respiratory particles: a systematic review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Masks and respirators for prevention of respiratory infections: a state of the science review.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Non-pharmaceutical interventions in containing COVID-19 pandemic after the roll-out of coronavirus vaccines: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Preprocedural Mouthwashes: A Triple-Blind Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial.International dental journal · 2025Trial
- Hitting Coronaviruses Where It Hurts: Antiviral Strategies Targeting Viral Proteins.ChemMedChem · 2026Review
- Exposure route, not dose, is the primary driver of infection patterns for a respiratory virus.Science advances · 2026Article
- The role of the respiratory microbiome in acute and chronic respiratory diseases.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Ambient temperature variability and newly diagnosed tuberculosis: Evidence from a time-stratified case-crossover study.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Can Non-Thermal Microwave Irradiation Inactivate Viruses? A Review with Some Computations.Viruses · 2026Review
- A Novel Air-Liquid Interface Exposure System for Continuous Gas Exposure of Airway Epithelial Cells: Exposure of NOJournal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- Inhalable bioadhesive barrier for lung protection and clearance of fine particulate matter.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Precision nanomedicine for pulmonary diseases: from molecular targeting to clinical translation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Influenza.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Synergistic control of viral persistence via wettability and ion release on antiviral coatings.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Beyond Infection-Indoor Airborne Pathogens as Contributors to Respiratory Inflammation and Immune Dysregulation: A Narrative Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
497 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of and a need to update the traditional view of transmission pathways for respiratory viruses. The long-standing definitions of droplet and airborne transmission do not account for the mechanisms by which virus-laden respiratory droplets and aerosols travel through the air and lead to infection. In this Review, we discuss current evidence regarding the transmission of respiratory viruses by aerosols-how they are generated, transported, and deposited, as well as the factors affecting the relative contributions of droplet-spray deposition versus aerosol inhalation as modes of transmission. Improved understanding of aerosol transmission brought about by studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection requires a reevaluation of the major transmission pathways for other respiratory viruses, which will allow better-informed controls to reduce airborne transmission.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.