ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Bromodomain containing 9 (BRD9) regulates macrophage inflammatory responses by potentiating glucocorticoid receptor activity.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- FXR and BET signaling orchestrate to protect β cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- BAF complexes maintain accessibility at stimulus-responsive chromatin and are required for transcriptional stimulus responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Bromodomain-Driven Regulation of Stem Cells: A Potential Target for Cancer Therapeutic Intervention.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- BRD9 at the crossroads of splicing, chromatin remodeling, and hematopoiesis.Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences · 2026Review
- Key imidazolyl groups that induce phenylalanine flipping enhance the efficacy of oral BRD9 inhibitors for AML treatment.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial dysfunction triggers Zbp1-mediated necroptosis and inflammation in acute lung injury.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Article
- A Recent Overview of Molecular Pathways in Synthetic Lethality as a Proposed Valid Target in Oncology: Current Insights and Future Directions.Indian journal of surgical oncology · 2025Review
- Catalogue of LPS-induced transcriptional changes across vertebrates identifies syntenically conserved human long non-coding RNAs that regulate the innate immune response.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Chromatin remodeling in lymphocytic function and fate: the multifaceted roles of SWI/SNF complex.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Regulatory Roles of SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Complexes in Immune Response and Inflammatory Diseases.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2024Review
- Programmed BRD9 Degradation and Hedgehog Signaling Activation via Silk-Based Core-Shell Microneedles Promote Diabetic Wound Healing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- BRD9 regulates normal human hematopoietic stem cell function and lineage differentiation.Cell death and differentiation · 2024Article
- SWI/SNF Complex in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Its Implications in Cardiovascular Pathologies.Cells · 2024Review
- Glucocorticoid receptor action in prostate cancer: the role of transcription factor crosstalk.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Modulating glucocorticoid receptor actions in physiology and pathology: Insights from coregulators.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2023Review
- UBR5 forms ligand-dependent complexes on chromatin to regulate nuclear hormone receptor stability.Molecular cell · 2023Article
- BRD9 Degradation Disrupts Ribosome Biogenesis in Multiple Myeloma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2023Article
- Synthetic ERRα/β/γ Agonist Induces an ERRα-Dependent Acute Aerobic Exercise Response and Enhances Exercise Capacity.ACS chemical biology · 2023Article
- BRD9-mediated chromatin remodeling suppresses osteoclastogenesis through negative feedback mechanism.Nature communications · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In macrophages, homeostatic and immune signals induce distinct sets of transcriptional responses, defining cellular identity and functional states. The activity of lineage-specific and signal-induced transcription factors are regulated by chromatin accessibility and other epigenetic modulators. Glucocorticoids are potent antiinflammatory drugs; however, the mechanisms by which they selectively attenuate inflammatory genes are not yet understood. Acting through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), glucocorticoids directly repress inflammatory responses at transcriptional and epigenetic levels in macrophages. A major unanswered question relates to the sequence of events that result in the formation of repressive regions. In this study, we identify bromodomain containing 9 (BRD9), a component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, as a modulator of glucocorticoid responses in macrophages. Inhibition, degradation, or genetic depletion of BRD9 in bone marrow-derived macrophages significantly attenuated their responses to both liposaccharides and interferon inflammatory stimuli. Notably, BRD9-regulated genes extensively overlap with those regulated by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Pharmacologic inhibition of BRD9 potentiated the antiinflammatory responses of dexamethasone, while the genetic deletion of BRD9 in macrophages reduced high-fat diet-induced adipose inflammation. Mechanistically, BRD9 colocalized at a subset of GR genomic binding sites, and depletion of BRD9 enhanced GR occupancy primarily at inflammatory-related genes to potentiate GR-induced repression. Collectively, these findings establish BRD9 as a genomic antagonist of GR at inflammatory-related genes in macrophages, and reveal a potential for BRD9 inhibitors to increase the therapeutic efficacies of glucocorticoids.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.