Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34446018›Full record

ArticleCardiovascular diabetology2021

Variability in body weight and the risk of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes: results from the Swedish National Diabetes Register.

Antonio Ceriello, Giuseppe Lucisano, Francesco Prattichizzo, Björn Eliasson, Stefan Franzén, Ann-Marie Svensson, Antonio Nicolucci

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Obesity and its management in primary care setting.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Antonio CerielloIRCCS MultiMedica, Via Gaudenzio Fantoli, 16/15, 20138, Milan, Italy. antonio.ceriello@hotmail.it.ORCID 0000-0001-8122-3203
Giuseppe LucisanoCORESEARCH - Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Pescara, Italy.
Francesco PrattichizzoIRCCS MultiMedica, Via Gaudenzio Fantoli, 16/15, 20138, Milan, Italy.
Björn EliassonInstitute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Stefan FranzénHealth Metrics, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Ann-Marie SvenssonInstitute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Antonio NicolucciCORESEARCH - Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Pescara, Italy.

Funding

ministero della salute Ricerca Corrente
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere is a high incidence of cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Weight variability has been reported as independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the general population and preliminarily also in people with type 2 diabetes.

methodsUsing data from the Swedish National Diabetes Register the possible link between visit-to-visit body weight variability and the risk of cardiovascular complications among people with type 2 diabetes and without prevalent cardiovascular diseases at baseline has been evaluated. Overall, 100,576 people with type 2 diabetes, with at least five measurements of body weight taken over three consecutive years, were included. Variability was expressed as quartiles of the standard deviation of the measures during the three years. The primary composite outcome included non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and all-cause mortality and was assessed during five years following the first 3 years of exposure to weight variability.

resultsAfter adjusting for known cardiovascular risk factors, the risk of the primary composite outcome significantly increased with increasing body weight variability [upper quartile HR = 1.45; 95% confidence interval 1.39-1.52]. Furthermore, elevated body weight variability was associated with almost all the other cardiovascular complications considered (non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, all-cause mortality, peripheral arterial disease, peripheral vascular angioplasty, hospitalization for heart failure, foot ulcer, and all-cause mortality).

conclusionsHigh body weight variability predicts the development of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes. These data suggest that any strategy to reduce the body weight in these subjects should be aimed at maintaining the reduction in the long-term, avoiding oscillations.

Indexed as

Body WeightAgedCardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedObesityPrognosisRegistriesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSwedenTime FactorsCardiovascular complicationsDiabetesSwedish National Diabetes RegisterWeight variability

Identifiers

PMID34446018
PMCPMC8394543

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.