ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Failure of Immunotherapy-The Molecular and Immunological Origin of Immunotherapy Resistance in Lung Cancer.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- A comprehensive analysis of Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS)/the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) on immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy among patients with advanced cancer.Cancer medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Intratumor immune heterogeneity across simulated core biopsy sizes in non-small cell lung cancer: an exploratory study.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Intravenous iRGD-Guided, RBC-Membrane Camouflaged Lactococcus Lactis Remodels Cold NSCLC and Enhances PD-1 Blockade.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Engineering strategies of sequential drug delivery systems for combination tumor immunotherapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Treatment of cancer-associated fibroblast-like cells with celecoxib enhances the anti-cancer T helper 1/Treg responses in breast cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- A phase I dose-escalation and expansion study of RMX1002, a selective E-type prostanoid receptor 4 antagonist, as monotherapy and in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody in advanced solid tumors.Investigational new drugs · 2025Article
- Enhancing immunotherapy efficacy with synergistic low-dose radiation in metastatic melanoma: current insights and prospects.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Discovery of a Chimeric Polyketide Family as Cancer Immunogenic Chemotherapeutic Leads.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Dual targeting of TIGIT and VISTA in non-small-cell lung cancer immunotherapy.EXCLI journal · 2025Review
- The regulatory role and therapeutic potential of long non-coding RNA in non-small cell lung cancer.Journal of Cancer · 2025Review
- The role of circular RNAs in regulating resistance to cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms and implications.Cell death & disease · 2024Review
- Intrapleural perfusion hyperthermia improves the efficiency of anti‑PD1 antibody‑based therapy for lung adenocarcinoma: A case report.Oncology letters · 2024Article
- Gut microbiome affects the response to immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.Thoracic cancer · 2024Article
- Molecular and modular intricacies of precision oncology.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Unraveling the Mechanism of Curculiginis Rhizoma in Suppressing Cisplatin Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: An Experimental Study.OncoTargets and therapy · 2024Article
- Schistosoma antigens: A future clinical magic bullet for autoimmune diseases?Parasite (Paris, France) · 2024Review
- Metabolic pathways fueling the suppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Subtype-Based Microbial Analysis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2023Article
- Long non‑coding RNAs as potential therapeutic targets in non‑small cell lung cancer (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Advances in Genomic Data and Biomarkers: Revolutionizing NSCLC Diagnosis and Treatment.Cancers · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have a huge impact on clinical treatment results in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Blocking antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) or CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T cell antigen 4) have been developed and approved for the treatment of NSCLC patients. However, a large number of patients develop resistance to this type of treatment. Primary and secondary immunotherapy resistance are distinguished. No solid biomarkers are available that are appropriate to predict the unique sensitivity to immunotherapy. Knowledge of predictive markers involved in treatment resistance is fundamental for planning of new treatment combinations. Scientists focused research on the use of immunotherapy as an essential treatment in combination with other therapy strategies, which could increase cancer immunogenicity by generating tumor cells death and new antigen release as well as by targeting other immune checkpoints and tumor microenvironment. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge of molecular bases underlying immunotherapy resistance and discuss the capabilities and the reason of different therapeutic combinations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.