ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Strategies to Improve the Antitumor Effect of γδ T Cell Immunotherapy for Clinical Application.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Therapeutic Targets: Deciphering Interaction Networks and Advancing Clinical Translation.MedComm · 2026Review
- SPP1+ Macrophages and the Orchestration of Spatially Organized Immunosuppression in Cancer.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Inflammatory biomarker-based prognostic model for immunotherapy outcomes in patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Disulfidptosis-related genes signature predicts prognosis and immune microenvironment in colon cancer.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Disulfidptosis: A Novel Prognostic Criterion and Potential Treatment Strategy for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL).International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- γδ T cells and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis: a love-hate relationship in the tumor microenvironment.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Key players of immunosuppression in epithelial malignancies: Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and γδ T cells.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Review
- Potential of gamma/delta T cells for solid tumor immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Mutations in the DNA polymerase binding pathway affect the immune microenvironment of patients with small-cell lung cancer and enhance the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy.Cancer innovation · 2023Article
- Repurposing drugs for solid tumor treatment: focus on immune checkpoint inhibitors.Cancer biology & medicine · 2023Review
- αβ-T cell receptor transduction gives superior mitochondrial function to γδ-T cells with promising persistence.iScience · 2023Article
- B7H3-targeting chimeric antigen receptor modification enhances antitumor effect of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in glioblastoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- Gamma delta T-cell-based immune checkpoint therapy: attractive candidate for antitumor treatment.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
- Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy in blood cancers: ready for prime time?Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- γδ T cell exhaustion: Opportunities for intervention.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2022Review
- Article
- Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human γδ T cells show potent cytotoxicity against various types of cancer cells in a major histocompatibility complex unrestricted manner. Phosphoantigens and nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-bis) stimulate γδ T cells via interaction between the γδ T cell receptor (TCR) and butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A1 (BTN3A1) expressed on target cells. γδ T cell immunotherapy is classified as either in vivo or ex vivo according to the method of activation. Immunotherapy with activated γδ T cells is well tolerated; however, the clinical benefits are unsatisfactory. Therefore, the antitumor effects need to be increased. Administration of γδ T cells into local cavities might improve antitumor effects by increasing the effector-to-target cell ratio. Some anticancer and molecularly targeted agents increase the cytotoxicity of γδ T cells via mechanisms involving natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D)-mediated recognition of target cells. Both the tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells exert immunosuppressive effects via mechanisms that include inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules. Therefore, co-immunotherapy with γδ T cells plus immune checkpoint inhibitors is a strategy that may improve cytotoxicity. The use of a bispecific antibody and chimeric antigen receptor might be effective to overcome current therapeutic limitations. Such strategies should be tested in a clinical research setting.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.