ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
GDF15 and Cardiac Cells: Current Concepts and New Insights.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Parameters in Heart Failure.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- GDF-15 levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with metformin: a combined clinical and in silico pathway analysis.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Trial
- The Heart-Kidney Axis in Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease: Mechanisms, Mediators, and Therapeutic Implications.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Impact of a durable left ventricular assist device on inflammation and cardiac remodelling in subjects with advanced heart failure.Open heart · 2026Observational
- Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Diabetic Kidney and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathogenic Driver or Protective Modulator.Diabetes · 2026Review
- Cardiac Biomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease: Signal or Noise?Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Review
- Hormonal crossroads of the heart: from classic endocrine regulation to cardiac hormone secretion: an updated review.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Review
- Alterations in mitochondria and cellular senescence in aged sEH null female kidneys.GeroScience · 2026Article
- The impact of bariatric and metabolic surgery on the levels of circulating growth differentiation factor 15 in humans.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026Review
- The Role of GDF-15 in Heart Failure and Biomarker Potential-From Basic Science to Clinical Praxis.Biology · 2026Review
- Integrating GDF-15 into Multimarker Assessment of Acute Heart Failure: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Shear-Calibrated High-Intensity Interval Training to Promote Endothelial Autophagy and Delay Vascular Senescence: A Biomarker-Guided Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Growth differentiation factor-15 improves long-term mortality risk prediction beyond the GRACE 2.0 score after acute coronary syndrome.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cancer cachexia: molecular basis and therapeutic advances.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Growth Differentiation Factor-15 as an Emerging Biomarker in Cardiology: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- GDF15 predisposes aortic dissection through regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and phenotypic change via the ERK/Akt pathway.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Recent advances in biomarkers for cardiac fibrosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Diagnostic Value of Copeptin and Growth Differentiation Factor-15 for Sepsis-Related Myocardial Injury.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Mechanism of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus exacerbating myocardial injury in male offspring by upregulating growth differentiation factor 15 to promote mitochondrial dysfunction.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Mechanistic insights on molecular pathways and emerging therapeutic approaches.Heart failure reviews · 2025Review
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) belongs to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of proteins. Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family receptor α-like (GFRAL) is an endogenous receptor for GDF15 detected selectively in the brain. GDF15 is not normally expressed in the tissue but is prominently induced by "injury". Serum levels of GDF15 are also increased by aging and in response to cellular stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. It acts as an inflammatory marker and plays a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative processes. Identified as a new heart-derived endocrine hormone that regulates body growth, GDF15 has a local cardioprotective role, presumably due to its autocrine/paracrine properties: antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic. GDF15 expression is highly induced in cardiomyocytes after ischemia/reperfusion and in the heart within hours after myocardial infarction (MI). Recent studies show associations between GDF15, inflammation, and cardiac fibrosis during heart failure and MI. However, the reason for this increase in GDF15 production has not been clearly identified. Experimental and clinical studies support the potential use of GDF15 as a novel therapeutic target (1) by modulating metabolic activity and (2) promoting an adaptive angiogenesis and cardiac regenerative process during cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we comment on new aspects of the biology of GDF15 as a cardiac hormone and show that GDF15 may be a predictive biomarker of adverse cardiac events.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.