ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
PLGA/PLA-Based Long-Acting Injectable Depot Microspheres in Clinical Use: Production and Characterization Overview for Protein/Peptide Delivery.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 173 citations in OpenAlex.
- Injectable microsphere-based delivery strategies for stem cells and their derivatives in tissue regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Engineering long-acting injectable in situ forming implants for sustained delivery of citalopram in depression management.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Current and emerging antibacterial strategies for periprosthetic joint infection: An overview.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- On-demand design of controlled-release systems using an expert-mimic AI framework.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Formulation and characterization of exenatide-loaded PLGA microspheres prepared by coacervation.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Exploration of Development Parameters for IgG Microspheres Using an Automated Platform for High-Throughput Formulation Screening.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Residual Content Impacts Critical Quality Attributes and Performance of Risperidone Microspheres.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- Programmable microbial therapeutics: advances in engineered bacteria for targeted in vivo delivery and precision medicine.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Exploring the pivotal role of hot melt extrusion technology in developing PLGA based novel drug delivery platforms for better therapeutic outcomes.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2026Review
- Advancements in nanomaterial-based adjuvants for animal vaccines.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- A sustained-release depot formulation of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide for alleviating chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Tumor-Targeted Delivery Therapy Based on PLGA Nanoparticles.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Layers of Hope: How Graphene and Nanostructures Hold Promise for Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Chitosan Nanoparticles for Natural Antioxidant Delivery in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis Liver Disease (MASLD).International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Combining Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Drug Discovery-A Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- From exposure to oncogenesis: a review on the multifaceted roles of microplastics in tumor initiation and progression.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Advances in PCL, PLA, and PLGA-Based Technologies for Anticancer Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Sustained-Release Intra-Articular Drug Delivery: PLGA Systems in Clinical Context and Evolving Strategies.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- A Bibliometric Analysis of Strategies for Atherosclerosis Treatment with Organic Nanoparticles.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Influence of Hydrophobic Ion Pairing on Formulation Performance of Liraglutide in PLGA Microspheres.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Over the past few decades, long acting injectable (LAI) depots of polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) or polylactic acid (PLA) based microspheres have been developed for controlled drug delivery to reduce dosing frequency and to improve the therapeutic effects. Biopharmaceuticals such as proteins and peptides are encapsulated in the microspheres to increase their bioavailability and provide a long release period (days or months) with constant drug plasma concentration. The biodegradable and biocompatible properties of PLGA/PLA polymers, including but not limited to molecular weight, end group, lactide to glycolide ratio, and minor manufacturing changes, could greatly affect the quality attributes of microsphere formulations such as release profile, size, encapsulation efficiency, and bioactivity of biopharmaceuticals. Besides, the encapsulated proteins/peptides are susceptible to harsh processing conditions associated with microsphere fabrication methods, including exposure to organic solvent, shear stress, and temperature fluctuations. The protein/peptide containing LAI microspheres in clinical use is typically prepared by double emulsion, coacervation, and spray drying techniques. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the formulation attributes and conventional manufacturing techniques of LAI microspheres that are currently in clinical use for protein/peptides. Furthermore, the physicochemical characteristics of the microsphere formulations are deliberated.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.