ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Human Milk Metabolic Hormones: Analytical Methods and Current Understanding.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Impact of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Human Milk Metabolic Hormones: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Adolescent mothers' body composition and metabolic hormones (adiponectin, ghrelin, and leptin) in blood and human milk: associations with infant body composition.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- A Proteomic Atlas of Human Milk: Uncovering Milk Functional Components.Research square · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of Adipokines and Growth Factors in Preterm and Term Breast Milk and Their Role in Infant Growth.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- The Association of Human Milk Appetite-Regulating Hormones with Infant Growth and Eating Behaviors to Age Six Months.Nutrients · 2026Article
- The Circadian Composition of Breast Milk: A Natural Starting Point for Chrononutrition.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Breastfeeding and prevention of childhood obesity: a narrative review of behavioral, hormonal, and microbiome programming.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Maternal cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with metabolic hormone concentrations in human milk.Npj exercise medicine and health · 2026Article
- Resistin as Modulator of Functional Activity of Phagocytes in Colostrum and Blood of Overweight and Obese Mothers.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Early life growth is related to pubertal growth and adult height - a QEPS-model analysis.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Breastfeeding and Infant Formulas: Short- and Long-Term Impacts on Infant Nutrition and Health.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Maternal Diet Quality and BMI as Predictors of Human Milk C-Reactive Protein Concentrations.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Maternal Perceptions and Feeding Practices Associated with Infant Nutritional Status.Maternal and child health journal · 2025Article
- Investigation of Relationships between Intakes of Human Milk Total Lipids and Metabolic Hormones and Infant Sex and Body Composition.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Bioactive Components of Human Milk and Their Impact on Child's Health and Development, Literature Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Human Milk-The Biofluid That Nourishes Infants from the First Day of Life.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Sampling Procedures for Estimating the Infant Intake of Human Milk Leptin, Adiponectin, Insulin, Glucose, and Total Lipid.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Donor human milk: the influence of processing technologies on its nutritional and microbial composition.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Circadian Variation in Human Milk Hormones and Macronutrients.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Association of maternal body composition and diet on breast milk hormones and neonatal growth during the first month of lactation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human milk (HM) contains a wide array of peptide hormones including leptin and adiponectin, which are involved in the regulation of infant growth and development. These essential hormones might play an important role in the regulation of metabolic reprogramming of the new-born infant. However, HM hormone studies are sparse and heterogeneous in regard to the study design, sample collection, preparation and analysis methods. This review discussed the limitations of HM hormone analysis highlighting the gaps in pre-analytical and analytical stages. The methods used to quantify HM metabolic hormones (leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, insulin, obestatin, resistin and apelin) can be classified as immunoassay, immunosensor and chromatography. Immunoassay methods (ELISA and RIA) have been predominantly used in the measurement of these HM hormones. The relative validity parameters of HM hormones analysis are often overlooked in publications, despite the complexity and differences of HM matrix when compared to that of plasma and urine. Therefore, appropriate reports of validation parameters of methodology and instrumentation are crucial for accurate measurements and therefore better understanding of the HM metabolic hormones and their influences on infant outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.