ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Glutathione and Related Molecules in Parkinsonism.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disulfidptosis contributes to rotenone-induced dopaminergic neuron damage.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Adjunctive EGb 761 treatment in patients with Parkinson's disease: a case series.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Ferroptosis in Parkinson's disease: a review of molecular mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial glutathione transporter SLC25A40 regulates macrophage cytokine production.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- MT1G activation in dopaminergic neurons identifies chelators and their relationships to cytotoxicity.SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D · 2025Article
- GNNenrich: a novel method for pathway enrichment analysis based on graph neural network.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Multifaceted role of oxidative stress in neurological disorders.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Glutathione Metabolism of the Brain-The Role of Astrocytes.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- PKM2-mediated metabolic reprogramming of microglia in neuroinflammation.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Oxidative Stress Indicated by Nuclear Transcription Factor Nrf2 and Glutathione Status in the Blood of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Pilot Study.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Reduced Glutathione Promoted Growth Performance by Improving the Jejunal Barrier, Antioxidant Function, and Altering Proteomics of Weaned Piglets.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- System Xc-pathway as a potential regulatory target in neurological disorders.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of COVID-19 Disease and Post COVID Syndrome: The Role of N-acetylcysteine and Acetyl-L-carnitine.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Crosstalk between neuroinflammation and ferroptosis: Implications for Parkinson's disease progression.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- NaCTR: Natural product-derived compound-based drug discovery pipeline from traditional oriental medicine by search space reduction.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- Nebulized Glutathione as a Key Antioxidant for the Treatment of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Conditions.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Neurodegenerative Etiology of Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency: a Novel Concept for Expanding Treatment Strategies.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates and Individual Ageing.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Role of ferroptosis pathways in neuroinflammation and neurological disorders: From pathogenesis to treatment.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Puerarin attenuates valproate-induced features of ASD in male mice via regulating Slc7a11-dependent ferroptosis.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant intrinsic antioxidant in the central nervous system, and its substrate cysteine readily becomes the oxidized dimeric cystine. Since neurons lack a cystine transport system, neuronal GSH synthesis depends on cystine uptake via the cystine/glutamate exchange transporter (xCT), GSH synthesis, and release in/from surrounding astrocytes. Transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a detoxifying master transcription factor, is expressed mainly in astrocytes and activates the gene expression of various phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes or antioxidants including GSH-related molecules and metallothionein by binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) of these genes. Accumulating evidence has shown the involvement of dysfunction of antioxidative molecules including GSH and its related molecules in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) or parkinsonian models. Furthermore, we found several agents targeting GSH synthesis in the astrocytes that protect nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuronal loss in PD models. In this article, the neuroprotective effects of supplementation and enhancement of GSH and its related molecules in PD pathology are reviewed, along with introducing new experimental findings, especially targeting of the xCT-GSH synthetic system and Nrf2-ARE pathway in astrocytes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.