ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Patient-Derived Organoids of Cholangiocarcinoma.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Organoid models: Regulations and prospects for the development of investigational new drugs.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Patient-Derived Models of Liver Cancer to Inform Clinical Treatment Paradigms: Recent Updates.Seminars in liver disease · 2026Review
- A guide for establishing patient-derived organoids from bile samples obtained during endoscopic procedures and performing gene expression knockdown.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Establishment, functional dissection, and single-cell transcriptomal characteristics of patient-derived pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma organoids.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Ethical review key considerations for organoid applications in biomedical research-a systematic review.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Towards a personalized utilization of stereotactic body radiotherapy for the management of liver metastases in solid tumors.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- 3D tumor cultures for drug resistance and screening development in clinical applications.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- State-of-the-Art Liver Cancer Organoids: Modeling Cancer Stem Cell Heterogeneity for Personalized Treatment.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025Review
- Exploring the effects of gut microbiota on cholangiocarcinoma progression by patient-derived organoids.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Biomedical applications of organoids derived from the digestive system.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Three-dimensional models: from cell culture to Patient-Derived Organoid and its application to future liposarcoma research.Oncology research · 2025Review
- Applications of 3D models in cholangiocarcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Relaxin-2-secreting CAR-T cells exhibit enhanced efficacy in stromal-rich xenograft tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Hepatobiliary organoid research: the progress and applications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a review for clinicians.Gastroenterology report · 2025Review
- Article
- Primary liver cancer organoids and their application to research and therapy.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2024Review
- Human Hepatobiliary Organoids: Recent Advances in Drug Toxicity Verification and Drug Screening.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Article
- Integration of pan-omics technologies and three-dimensional in vitro tumor models: an approach toward drug discovery and precision medicine.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is an aggressive malignancy with an inferior prognosis due to limited systemic treatment options. As preclinical models such as CC cell lines are extremely rare, this manuscript reports a protocol of cholangiocarcinoma patient-derived organoid culture as well as a protocol for the transition of 3D organoid lines to 2D cell lines. Tissue samples of non-cancer bile duct and cholangiocarcinoma were obtained during surgical resection. Organoid lines were generated following a standardized protocol. 2D cell lines were generated from established organoid lines following a novel protocol. Subcutaneous and orthotopic patient-derived xenografts were generated from CC organoid lines, histologically examined, and treated using standard CC protocols. Therapeutic responses of organoids and 2D cell lines were examined using standard CC agents. Next-generation exome and RNA sequencing was performed on primary tumors and CC organoid lines. Patient-derived organoids closely recapitulated the original features of the primary tumors on multiple levels. Treatment experiments demonstrated that patient-derived organoids of cholangiocarcinoma and organoid-derived xenografts can be used for the evaluation of novel treatments and may therefore be used in personalized oncology approaches. In summary, this study establishes cholangiocarcinoma organoids and organoid-derived cell lines, thus expanding translational research resources of cholangiocarcinoma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.