Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34445197›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021

Cancer Cachexia: Its Mechanism and Clinical Significance.

Hiroki Nishikawa, Masahiro Goto, Shinya Fukunishi, Akira Asai, Shuhei Nishiguchi, Kazuhide Higuchi

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 137 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
137citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
18.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07237464 phase1recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Escalation Phase I Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Immunogenicity of GB18 Following Single Subcutaneous Injection in Healthy Adult Participants

TypeinterventionalSponsorShenzhen Kexing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Ran2025 to 2026Enrolled36ConditionsCancer Cachexia (CC), Cancer Cachexia, Cancer Cachexia SyndromeArmsGB18 injection, Placebo
NCT07653698 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Evaluation of Cancer Cachexia and Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Home Care

TypeinterventionalSponsorFondazione ANT Franco Pannuti ETSRan2026 to 2028Enrolled140ConditionsBreast Cancer, Cancer CachexiaArmsProbiotic Mixture, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

137 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 214 citations in OpenAlex.

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77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Hiroki NishikawaThe Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan.
Masahiro GotoThe Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-4279-8682
Shinya FukunishiThe Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan.
Akira AsaiThe Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-2915-7875
Shuhei NishiguchiKano General Hospital, Osaka 531-0041, Japan.
Kazuhide HiguchiThe Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan.
Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences · JPOsaka City General Hospital · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The term "cachexia" is derived from the Greek words kakos (bad) and hexis (habit). Cachexia is a malnutrition associated with chronic diseases such as cancer, chronic heart failure, chronic renal failure, and autoimmune diseases, and is characterized by decreased skeletal muscle mass. Cancer cachexia is quite common in patients with advanced cancer. Weight loss is also a characteristic symptom of cancer cachexia, along with decreased skeletal muscle mass. As nutritional supplementation alone cannot improve cachexia, cytokines and tumor-derived substances have been attracting attention as its relevant factors. Cancer cachexia can be also associated with reduced chemotherapeutic effects, increased side effects and treatment interruptions, and even poorer survival. In 2011, a consensus definition of cachexia has been proposed, and the number of relevant research reports has increased significantly. However, the pathogenesis of cachexia is not fully understood, and there are currently few regulatory-approved standard treatments for cachexia. The main reason for this is that multiple etiologies are involved in the development of cachexia. In this review, we will outline the current status of cachexia, the mechanisms of which have been elucidated in recent years, especially from the perspective of advanced cancer.

Indexed as

AnilidesAnimalsCachexiaDietary SupplementsDisease ManagementHumansHydrazinesNeoplasmsOligopeptidesanamorelinAnilidesHydrazinesOligopeptidesostarineadvanced cancercachexiamechanismmultidisciplinary interventionweight loss

Identifiers

PMID34445197
PMCPMC8395185
OpenAlexW3188414598

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.