ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Benefits and Biosafety of Use of 3D-Printing Technology for Titanium Biomedical Implants: A Pilot Study in the Rabbit Model.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hydroxyapatite-Complexed Type I Collagen and Fibrinogen-Modified Porous Titanium Alloy Scaffold: Promoting Osteogenesis and Soft Tissue Integration.Micromachines · 2025Article
- Effect of Ti6Al4V Alloy Surface and Porosity on Bone Osseointegration: In Vivo Pilot Study in Rabbits.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Metal Hypersensitivity in Patients With Failure of Joint Prosthesis Treatment.Journal of immunology research · 2025Article
- Buccal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as a Source of Osseointegration of Titanium Implants.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2024Article
- Tailored Precision: A Unique Case of Pelvic Osteosarcoma Management.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the Properties of 3D-Printed Ti Alloy Plates:Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Strength Tests of Alloys for Fixed Structures in Dental Prosthetics.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Effect of Neutrophil-Derived Products on the Function of Leukocytes Obtained after Titanium Implantation in the Ovine Model.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTitanium has been used in osteosynthesis for decades and its compatibility and safety is unquestioned. Studies have shown that there is release and collection of titanium in the organ systems with little note of toxicity. The gold standard is considered to be titanium osteosynthesis plate produced by milling methods. The use of customized titanium plates produced with 3D printing, specifically direct metal laser sintering, have found increasing use in recent years. It is unknown how much titanium is released in these printed titanium implants, which is known to be potentially porous, depending on the heat settings of the printer. We hypothesize that the amount of titanium released in printed titanium implants may be potentially more or equal compared to the gold standard, which is the implant produced by milling.
methodsWe studied the biosafety of this technology and its products by measuring serum and organ titanium levels after implantation of 3D-printed versus traditionally fabrication titanium plates and screws in a pilot study using the rabbit model. A total of nine rabbits were used, with three each in the control, milled and printed titanium group. The animals were euthanized after six months. Serum and organs of the reticuloendothelial system were harvested, digested and assayed for titanium levels.
resultsOrgan and serum titanium levels were significantly higher in rabbit subjects implanted with titanium implants (milled and printed) compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference in organ and serum titanium levels of subjects implanted with milled and traditionally fabricated titanium implants.
conclusionsThe biosafety of use of 3D-printed titanium implants and traditionally fabricated titanium implants are comparable. With this in mind, 3D-printed custom implants can not only replace, but will very possibly surpass traditionally fabricated titanium implants in the mode and extent of use.
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