ArticleNutrients2021
Ultra-Processed Food Consumption Associated with Overweight/Obesity among Chinese Adults-Results from China Health and Nutrition Survey 1997-2011.
Article in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Who consumes ultra-processed food? A systematic review of sociodemographic determinants of ultra-processed food consumption from nationally representative samples.Nutrition research reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Ultra-Processed Foods and Human Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Bidirectional Association Between Consumption of Ultra-processed Food and Sleep Parameters Among Adults.Current obesity reports · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Isocaloric replacement of ultraprocessed foods was associated with greater weight loss in the POUNDS Lost trial.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2024Trial
- Review
- Higher consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with increased risk of fracture among adults: findings from China Health and Nutrition Survey.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Ultra-Processed Food Consumption Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Abdominal Obesity in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shanghai.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The role of ultra-processed food in obesity.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Ultra-Processed Foods and Cardiometabolic Health: A Review of Current Evidence.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Ultra-processed foods: Implications for gastrointestinal health.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Quantification of regional variation in ultra-processed food consumption and its sociodemographic correlates across Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka: insights from the South Asia Biobank.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- Ultra-processed food consumption and obesity among children and adolescents in China-Findings from China Health and Nutrition Survey.Pediatric obesity · 2025Article
- Article
- Higher ultra-processed food consumption is associated with poor nutritional quality but not with obesity in Israeli adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Ultra-Processed Food Intake and Increased Risk of Obesity: A Narrative Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Less Favorable Nutri-Score Consumption Ratings Are Prospectively Associated with Abdominal Obesity in Older Adults.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Ultra-processed Food and Obesity: What Is the Evidence?Current nutrition reports · 2024Review
- Ultra-processed food consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: A systematic review.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2024Article
- Ultra-processed foods - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.Food & nutrition research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The association between the consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) with overweight/obesity in Chinese adults has not been investigated. This study included a cohort of 12,451 adults aged >20 years who participated at least twice in the China Nutrition and Health Survey (CNHS) during 1997-2011. Food intake at each survey was assessed using a 3-day 24-h dietary recall. Body weight (kg), height (m), and waist circumference (WC) were measured during the survey. UPF was defined by the NOVA classification. Mixed effect logistic regression analyses were used. The mean UPF consumption of the study population (baseline mean age 43.7 years) increased from 12.0 g in 1997 to 41.5 g in 2011 with the corresponding proportion of UPF in daily diet from 1.0% to 3.6%. The adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for BMI ≥ 25 kg/m
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.