ReviewNutrients2021
Effects of Total Enteral Nutrition on Early Growth, Immunity, and Neuronal Development of Preterm Infants.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Rapid assessment of feeding intolerance: a systematic approach to reduce time to full enteral feeding in preterm infants.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Mineral Profiling of Preterm, Term Breast Milk, and Commercial Infant Formula: Evaluating Nutritional Adequacy for Premature Neonates.Preventive nutrition and food science · 2026Article
- Association between nonacidified standard and high-protein human milk fortifiers and increased weight velocity relative to acidified human milk fortifiers in preterm infants: A retrospective cohort study.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Mineral Content in Preterm Human Milk and Infant Formulas in Qatar: Assessing Compliance With Dietary Recommendations and Label Accuracy.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- The clinical characteristics differences between IVF twins and naturally conceived twins with preterm infants.Medicine · 2025Observational
- Safety of antenatal breastmilk expression from week 34 of pregnancy: a randomized controlled pilot study (The Express-MOM study).Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2025Article
- Complications and benefits of enteral feeding in children with progressive neurological disease in a palliative care service: a retrospective study.Journal of medicine and life · 2024Article
- The association of different types of human milk with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- A Comparison of Slow Infusion Intermittent Feeding versus Gravity Feeding in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Combined Nutrition in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.Cureus · 2023Article
- Effects of massage therapy on preterm infants and their mothers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- Zinc in Cognitive Impairment and Aging.Biomolecules · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The feeding of colostrum and mother's transitional milk improves immune protection and neurodevelopmental outcomes. It also helps with gut maturation and decreases the risks of infection. The supply of nutrients from human milk (HM) is not adequate for preterm infants, even though preterm mother's milk contains higher concentrations of protein, sodium, zinc, and calcium than mature HM. The human milk fortifiers, particularly those with protein, calcium, and phosphate, should be used to supplement HM to meet the necessities of preterm infants. The management of fluid and electrolytes is a challenging aspect of neonatal care of preterm infants. Trace minerals such as iron, zinc, copper, iodine, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, chromium, and fluoride are considered essential for preterm infants. Vitamins such as A, D, E, and K play an important role in the prevention of morbidities, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and intraventricular hemorrhage. Therefore, supplementation of HM with required nutrients is recommended for all preterm infants.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.