ArticleNutrients2021
Healthy Eating Index-2015 Scores Vary by Types of Food Outlets in the United States.
Article in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Healthy Eating Index-2015 and All-Cause/Cause-Specific Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Eco-Focused Menu Labels on Full Meal Orders From Fast-Food Restaurants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA health forum · 2026Trial
- Article
- Adherence to the combined Mediterranean-dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet is shaped by neighborhood socio-economics and food environments.Health & place · 2026Article
- Body roundness index vs. Relative fat mass: associations with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome in a cross-sectional study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- 2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2025Review
- The food environment in favelas is associated with the presence of arterial hypertension and diabetes in socially vulnerable women.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Trends in Toddler Diet Quality in the United States: 1999 to 2018.Pediatrics · 2024Article
- Epigenetic Genome Modifications during Pregnancy: The Impact of Essential Nutritional Supplements on DNA Methylation.Nutrients · 2024Review
- 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2024Review
- Maternal Diet Quality during Pregnancy Is Associated with Neonatal Brain White Matter Development.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Adolescent Diet Quality, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Adiposity: A Prospective Cohort.Journal of nutrition education and behavior · 2023Observational
- Bold Action Needed for Equitable Access to Nutrition Assistance by All.American journal of public health · 2023Article
- The relation between dietary quality and healthy eating index with bone mineral density in osteoporosis: a case-control study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Article
- Healthy Diet Promotion through Evidence-Informed Policies.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Dietary contributions of food outlets by urbanization level in the US population aged 2 years and older-NHANES 2013-2018.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Dietary approaches for normalizing dysbiosis induced by high-fat, obesogenic diets.Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care · 2023Review
- Integration of Time-Based Recommendations with Current Pediatric Health Behavior Guidelines: Implications for Obesity Prevention and Treatment in Youth.Current obesity reports · 2022Review
- Article
- Evidence based recommendations for an optimal prenatal supplement for women in the US: vitamins and related nutrients.Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diet quality in the United States is improving over time but remains poor. Food outlets influence diet quality and represent the environments in which individuals make choices about food purchases and intake. The objective of this study was to use the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) to evaluate the quality of foods consumed from the four major outlets where food is obtained-stores, full-service restaurants, quick-services restaurants, and schools-and to assess changes over time. This cross-sectional study used 24 h dietary recall data from eight cycles (2003-2004 to 2017-2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Linear trend estimation was used to test for changes in HEI scores over time, and balanced repeated replicate weighted linear regression was used to test for differences in total and component scores between types of food outlets. Overall, Americans are not consuming a mix of foods from any major category of food outlet that aligns with dietary guidelines. The total score for schools (65/100 points) and stores (62/100 points) was significantly higher than full-service (51/100 points) and quick-service (39/100 points) restaurants (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.