ArticleNutrients2021
Associations between Fasting Duration, Timing of First and Last Meal, and Cardiometabolic Endpoints in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Article in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Chronotype, Chrononutrition and Glucose Tolerance Among Prediabetic Individuals: Chrono-DM TM
Family-Based Meal Timing for Cancer Prevention Among Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders: FAMTIME
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The cross-sectional and prospective associations between time-restricted eating and cardiometabolic health in community-dwelling adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of later dinner timing on subsequent metabolic function and nocturnal sleep in healthy young women.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2026Trial
- Association of meal timing with body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults.European journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- An Earlier First Meal Timing Associates with Weight Loss Effectiveness in A 12-Week Weight Loss Support Program.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Associations between temporal meal patterns, cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease in Swedish adults: cross-sectional and nested case-control analyses.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Article
- Associations of Meal Timing and Temporal Eating Patterns with Cardiovascular Disease Among Chinese Older Adults.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Chrononutrition variables and thyroid function: evidence for a specific role of the time of the first meal.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- A Novel Chronotype-Based Mediterranean Diet Pyramid: An Updated Representation by the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE) and the Italian Society of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI).Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Time-restricted feeding in adult mice improves mood-related behaviors in a sex-dependent manner.Behavioural brain research · 2026Article
- Eating duration and shift work are associated with diabetes: a cross-sectional study among US workers.The British journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Temporal meal patterns in relation to diet quality and body mass index: findings from a cross-sectional analysis.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Associations between chrono-nutrition and chronic kidney disease, urinary incontinence and kidney stones: a cross-sectional study.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Relationship between breakfast skipping and hyperuricemia in Korean adults: results from KNHANES 2016-2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Fluctuations and Changes in Acute Phase Reactive Proteins in Fasting and Nonfasting States.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Observational
- Overnight Fasting and Body Weight: Emulated Target Trial Using Cancer Prevention Study-3 Data.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The Association Between Intermittent Fasting and Glaucoma.Journal of glaucoma · 2025Article
- Scoping review protocol: The chrononutrition factors in association with glycemic outcomes in adult population.PloS one · 2025Article
- Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Differentially Associated With Cardiometabolic Health After Pregnancy on the Basis of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Exposure.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Time of Energy Intake: Association with Weight Status, Diet Quality, and Sociodemographic Characteristics in Brazil.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundResearch indicates potential cardiometabolic benefits of energy consumption earlier in the day. This study examined the association between fasting duration, timing of first and last meals, and cardiometabolic endpoints using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
methodsCross-sectional data from NHANES (2005-2016) were utilized. Diet was obtained from one to two 24-h dietary recalls to characterize nighttime fasting duration and timing of first and last meal. Blood samples were obtained for characterization of C-reactive protein (CRP); glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c %); insulin; glucose; and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol. Survey design procedures for adjusted linear and logistic regression were performed.
resultsEvery one-hour increase in nighttime fasting duration was associated with a significantly higher insulin and CRP, and lower HDL. Every one-hour increase in timing of the last meal of the day was statistically significantly associated with higher HbA1c and lower LDL. Every one-hour increase in first mealtime was associated with higher CRP (β = 0.044,
conclusionIn this large public health dataset, evidence for the beneficial effect of starting energy consumption earlier in the day on cardiometabolic endpoints was observed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.