ReviewNutrients2021
What Links an Increased Cardiovascular Risk and Inflammatory Bowel Disease? A Narrative Review.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Impact of Menopause and Clinical Considerations in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of serum and dietary profiles of vitamin B12 and folate and their association with systemic complications in patients with Crohn's disease.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Opportunistic coronary calcium progression on routine chest CT improves cardiovascular risk stratification in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a multicenter study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Complications Are Increased in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Path Toward Achievement of a Personalized Risk Estimation.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Trends and disparities in inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular disease-related mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2023: A CDC WONDER analysis.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2025Article
- Colitis induced ventricular alternans increases the risk for ventricular arrhythmia.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular disease: extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease.Intestinal research · 2025Review
- Causal relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomized study.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- Increased LL37 in psoriasis and other inflammatory disorders promotes LDL uptake and atherosclerosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Navigating the Gut-Cardiac Axis: Understanding Cardiovascular Complications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Cureus · 2024Review
- Cardiovascular Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Current cardiology reviews · 2024Review
- Evaluation of QRS duration and presence of fragmented QRS in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.International journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular implications of inflammatory bowel disease: An updated review.World journal of cardiology · 2023Review
- Greater Adherence to Cardioprotective Diet Can Reduce Inflammatory Bowel Disease Risk: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Association of Gut Microbial Genera with Heart Rate Variability in the General Japanese Population: The Iwaki Cross-Sectional Research Study.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Where Do We Stand in the Behavioral Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease? The Western Dietary Pattern and Microbiota-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Review
- Inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular disease: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several studies have shown increased rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly in cases of early atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. IBD most frequently begins at an early age, patients usually present normal weight and remain under constant care of a physician, as well as of a nutritionist. Therefore, the classical risk factors of CVD are not reflected in the higher prevalence of CVD in the IBD population. Still, both groups are characterised by chronic inflammation and display similar physiopathological mechanisms. In the course of IBD, increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and homocysteine, may lead to endothelial dysfunctions and the development of CVD. Furthermore, gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with IBD also constitutes a risk factor for an increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Additionally, diet is an essential factor affecting both positively and negatively the course of the aforementioned diseases, whereas several dietary patterns may also influence the association between IBD and CVD. Thus, it is essential to investigate the factors responsible for the increased cardiovascular (CV) risk in this group of patients. Our paper attempts to review the role of potential inflammatory and nutritional factors, as well as intestinal dysbiosis and pharmacotherapy, in the increased risk of CVD in IBD patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.