ReviewNutrients2021
Dose-Response Relationships between Levels of Alcohol Use and Risks of Mortality or Disease, for All People, by Age, Sex, and Specific Risk Factors.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alcohol consumption and risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Internal medicine journal · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review of the association between alcohol-related deaths and area-level socioeconomic deprivation and other geographic characteristics in high-income countries.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Ultra-processed foods and risk of all-cause mortality: an updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Ultra-Processed Foods and Human Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Alcohol use, dementia risk, and sex: a systematic review and assessment of alcohol-attributable dementia cases in Europe.BMC geriatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Drinking Patterns, Sociodemographic Correlates and Sex Differences Among Ghanaians Aged 15-49 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Rethinking Alcohol Harm Reduction.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- Alcohol Use Trajectories During the First 72 Weeks of WHOOP Wearable Platform Membership: Observational Cohort Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Observational
- "Is a general belief in one's capabilities related to mental and physical health?": The relationships between self-efficacy, health outcomes, and health-related behaviour.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Health behaviours and health-related quality of life among women and men with hazardous alcohol use: the Tromsø study (2015-2016).BMC public health · 2026Article
- [Impact of gender roles on alcohol dependence].Der Nervenarzt · 2026Review
- Health effects associated with alcohol consumption: a Burden of Proof study.Nature health · 2026Article
- Migraine and Alcohol-Is It Really That Harmful?Nutrients · 2025Review
- Thinking when I'm drinking: The interaction of mood and rumination across drinking and non-drinking days.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- Disentangling developmental trajectories of childhood anxiety and depression symptoms in the prediction of adolescent substance use.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- A Practical Guide to Conducting Dose-Response Meta-Analyses in Epidemiology.Methodology : European journal of research methods for the behavioral & social sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Reducing Stigma and Enhancing Care for People Who Use Alcohol.Journal of health service psychology · 2025Article
- Problem Recognition as A Discrete Concept for Change Processes in Problematic Alcohol Use.Current addiction reports · 2025Review
- Regaining control over alcohol intake but not abstinence on disulfiram medication, as a harm reduction approach: 2 case reports.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Alcohol use has been causally linked to more than 200 disease and injury conditions, as defined by three-digit ICD-10 codes. The understanding of how alcohol use is related to these conditions is essential to public health and policy research. Accordingly, this study presents a narrative review of different dose-response relationships for alcohol use. Relative-risk (RR) functions were obtained from various comparative risk assessments. Two main dimensions of alcohol consumption are used to assess disease and injury risk: (1) volume of consumption, and (2) patterns of drinking, operationalized via frequency of heavy drinking occasions. Lifetime abstention was used as the reference group. Most dose-response relationships between alcohol and outcomes are monotonic, but for diabetes type 2 and ischemic diseases, there are indications of a curvilinear relationship, where light to moderate drinking is associated with lower risk compared with not drinking (i.e., RR < 1). In general, women experience a greater increase in RR per gram of alcohol consumed than men. The RR per gram of alcohol consumed was lower for people of older ages. RRs indicated that alcohol use may interact synergistically with other risk factors, in particular with socioeconomic status and other behavioural risk factors, such as smoking, obesity, or physical inactivity. The literature on the impact of genetic constitution on dose-response curves is underdeveloped, but certain genetic variants are linked to an increased RR per gram of alcohol consumed for some diseases. When developing alcohol policy measures, including low-risk drinking guidelines, dose-response relationships must be taken into consideration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.