SynthesisNutrients2021
The Window Matters: A Systematic Review of Time Restricted Eating Strategies in Relation to Cortisol and Melatonin Secretion.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of time-restricted eating and Ramadan fasting on gut microbiota composition: a systematic review of human and animal studies.Nutrition reviews · 2024Pooled it
- The effects of time-restricted eating on sleep in adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Mood Status Response to Physical Activity and Its Influence on Performance: Are Chronotype and Exercise Timing Affect?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Intermittent Fasting May Enhance Resistance Training Effects on the Body Composition of Obese Males, Without Affecting Muscular Strength and Anabolic Index.Journal of obesity · 2026Trial
- Effects of Modified Ramadan Fasting on Mental Well-Being and Biomarkers in Healthy Adult Muslims - A Randomised Controlled Trial.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Trial
- Long-term green-Mediterranean diet may favor fasting morning cortisol stress hormone; the DIRECT-PLUS clinical trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Trial
- How Shift Work Impacts on Eating Behaviours Among Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nursing open · 2026Article
- Intermittent fasting: Impact, mechanisms and cautions across medical and lifestyle domains.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Review
- Article
- Relationship between skipping breakfast and metabolic syndrome among adults aged 35-74 years: a cross-sectional study in Northwest China, 2018-2020.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Ramadan intermittent fasting and the gut microbiome: modulation of diversity and implications for metabolic health.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Circadian regulation of osteoclast lysosomal-resorption machinery: implications for osteoporosis therapy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- "Feeding the Rhythm"-Effects of Food and Nutrients on Daily Cortisol Secretion: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Impact.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Adolescent dietary patterns and methyl-donor nutrient intakes in relation to blood leukocyte DNA methylation of circadian genes.Chronobiology international · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of morning and evening training on performance and well-being in elite soccer players.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Intermittent Fasting and Hormonal Regulation: Pathways to Improved Metabolic Health.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Intermittent Fasting as a Neuroprotective Strategy: Gut-Brain Axis Modulation and Metabolic Reprogramming in Neurodegenerative Disorders.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis, Serum FGF-21 and Autophagy Markers in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Time-Restricted Eating is an eating pattern based on the circadian rhythm which limits daily food intake (usually to ≤12 h/day), unique in that no overt restriction is imposed on the quality, nor quantity, of food intake. This paper aimed to examine the effects of two patterns of TRE, traditional TRE, and Ramadan fasting, on two markers of circadian rhythm, cortisol and melatonin. PubMed and Web of Science were searched up to December 2020 for studies examining the effects of time restricted eating on cortisol and melatonin. Fourteen studies met our inclusion criteria. All Ramadan papers found statistically significant decrease in melatonin (
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.