ReviewNutrients2021
Caffeine during High-Intensity Whole-Body Exercise: An Integrative Approach beyond the Central Nervous System.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute caffeine supplementation and cycling time-trial performance across different task durations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of acute caffeine intake on muscular power during resistance exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Risk or benefit? Side effects of caffeine supplementation in sport: a systematic review.European journal of nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- The effect of caffeine chewing gum on muscle performance and fatigue after severe-intensity exercise: isometric vs. dynamic assessments in trained cyclists.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Trial
- ACE gene polymorphisms (rs4340) II and DI are more responsive to the ergogenic effect of caffeine than DD on aerobic power, heart rate, and perceived exertion in a homogeneous Brazilian group of adolescent athletes.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2024Trial
- Caffeine ingestion increases endurance performance of trained male cyclists when riding against a virtual opponent without altering muscle fatigue.European journal of applied physiology · 2022Trial
- Caffeine alters the breathing pattern during high-intensity whole-body exercise in healthy men.European journal of applied physiology · 2022Trial
- Effects of Multi-Ingredient Pre-Workout Supplement and Caffeine on Bench Press Performance: A Single-Blind Cross-Over Study.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Effects of Carbohydrate Combined with Caffeine on the Sports Performance of Basketball Players.American journal of men's healthTrial
- High-Intensity Exercise Performance as a Complex Adaptive System: An Integrative Review.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The effects of caffeinated chewing gum on sprint swimming performance and upper-body strength: a randomized crossover study.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- Combined Effects of Postactivation Performance Enhancement and Caffeine Intake on Explosive and Anaerobic Power in Recreationally Active Males.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- Pre-Exercise Caffeine and Sodium Bicarbonate: Their Effects on Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Performance in a Crossover, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Caffeine is one of the most consumed ergogenic aids around the world. Many studies support the ergogenic effect of caffeine over a large spectrum of exercise types. While the stimulatory effect of caffeine on the central nervous system is the well-accepted mechanism explaining improvements in exercise performance during high-intensity whole-body exercise, in which other physiological systems such as pulmonary, cardiovascular, and muscular systems are maximally activated, a direct effect of caffeine on such systems cannot be ignored. A better understanding of the effects of caffeine on multiple physiological systems during high-intensity whole-body exercise might help to expand its use in different sporting contexts (e.g., competitions in different environments, such as altitude) or even assist the treatment of some diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). In the present narrative review, we explore the potential effects of caffeine on the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and muscular systems, and describe how such alterations may interact and thus contribute to the ergogenic effects of caffeine during high-intensity whole-body exercise. This integrative approach provides insights regarding how caffeine influences endurance performance and may drive further studies exploring its mechanisms of action in a broader perspective.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.