Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34444565›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Frequency and Risk Factors Associated with Cesarean Section in Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

Muhammad Fawad Rasool, Saira Akhtar, Iltaf Hussain, Abdul Majeed, Imran Imran, Hamid Saeed, Muqarrab Akbar, Muhammad Omer Chaudhry, Anees Ur Rehman, Waseem Ashraf and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. [Cesarean section risk assessment for pregnant women at term].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2025
    Observational
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Prevalence and Mode of Birth in Late Fetal Mortality in Spain, 2016-2019.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Observational
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Muhammad Fawad RasoolDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0002-8607-8583
Saira AkhtarDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
Iltaf HussainDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0003-0556-0181
Abdul MajeedDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
Imran ImranDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0003-1337-8574
Hamid SaeedUniversity College of Pharmacy, Allama Iqbal Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0002-1400-4825
Muqarrab AkbarDepartment of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
Muhammad Omer ChaudhrySchool of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
Anees Ur RehmanDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0002-6502-8464
Waseem AshrafDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
Faleh AlqahtaniDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-3924-593X
Hussain AlqhtaniDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-1840-4519

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The increasing frequency of cesarean section (CS) is a major public health issue, and it is on the rise in Pakistan. A cross-sectional study approach was used to assess the frequency of CS and its contributing factors, along with the assessment of knowledge in mothers who had undergone CS in one of the under-developed regions of Pakistan. Data collection was done by using a self-developed study questionnaire. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was utilized for the statistical analysis. During the study period, a total of 173 (69.7%) women have given births by CS; among those, 104 (60.1%) were elective/planned CSs while 69 (39.8%) were emergency CSs. The higher CS frequency was significantly associated with younger age (

Indexed as

Cesarean SectionPregnancy ComplicationsAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornPakistanPregnancyRisk FactorsYoung Adultcesarean sectionknowledgematernal caremothersrisk factors

Identifiers

PMID34444565
PMCPMC8391541

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.