ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Concentrations of Lead, Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmium, Manganese, and Aluminum in the Blood of Pakistani Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Associated Factors.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Co-exposure to lead and cadmium is associated with increased severity of social deficits in children with autism spectrum disorders.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Association between historical lead exposure, population density, and autism prevalence: a county-level ecological study in Norway.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- Distribution of blood lead and cadmium levels in healthy children aged 0 to 18 years and analysis of related influencing factors in Henan, China: data findings from 2017 to 2022.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Observational
- Update of the risk assessment of inorganic arsenic in food.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Manganese in autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: The state of the art.Current research in toxicology · 2024Review
- Review
- Heavy metals in children's blood from the rural region of Popokabaka, Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional study and spatial analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with early onset in utero or childhood. Environmental exposure to six metals (Pb, Hg, As, Cd, Mn, Al) is believed to be associated with ASD directly or interactively with genes.
methodsWe enrolled 30 ASD cases, age 2-12 years old, and 30 age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) controls in Karachi, Pakistan. We assessed associations of ASD status with various factors using Conditional Logistic Regression models. We also used General Linear Models to assess possible interaction of blood Mn and Pb concentrations with the three GST genes in relation to ASD status.
resultsThe unadjusted difference between ASD and TD groups in terms of geometric mean blood Pb concentrations was marginally significant (
conclusionsThis is the first study reporting six blood metal concentrations of Pakistani children with ASD. Estimates provided for possible interactions of GST genes with Mn and Pb in relation to ASD status are valuable for designing future similar studies.
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