ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in the First Trimester-Comparison of Missed Miscarriage and Normal Pregnancy.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Soluble P2X7 receptor (sP2X7R) as a marker of inflammation in pregnancy.Purinergic signalling · 2026Article
- Predicting Miscarriage Risk Based on Periodontal and Hematological Parameters Using Artificial Neural Network and XGBoost Models.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Complications Following Late Second-Trimester Dilatation and Evacuation: A Retrospective Cohort Comparison of Missed and Induced Abortions.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Are Inflammatory Markers and Periodontitis Effective in Predicting Miscarriage?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Impact of Inflammatory Cytokines on Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Preliminary Investigation.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2025Article
- IL-6 and IL-8: An Overview of Their Roles in Healthy and Pathological Pregnancies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Inflammation-Related Molecules at the Maternal-Fetal Interface during Pregnancy and in Pathologically Altered Endometrium.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Review
- Altered Thermal Behavior of Blood Plasma Proteome Related to Inflammatory Cytokines in Early Pregnancy Loss.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Inflammatory pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in postpartum depression.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Contradictory Effect of Lymphocyte Therapy and Prednisolone Therapy on CD3Journal of human reproductive sciencesArticle
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
The advantage in response of Th2 over Th1 is observed in normal pregnancy in peripheral blood. A disturbance of this balance can lead to symptoms of miscarriage and pregnancy loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in sera of women who were diagnosed with missed miscarriage in the first trimester and to compare this systemic immune response to the response in women with normal pregnancy. The study group consisted of 61 patients diagnosed with missed miscarriage. In total, 19 healthy women with uncomplicated first trimester created the control group. Cytokines were determined in the maternal serum by ELISA. The analysis included INF-γ, TNF-α, Il-1β, Il-4, Il-5, Il-6, Il-9, Il-10, Il-13 and TGF-β1. Th1 cytokine levels in the study group reached slightly higher values for INF-γ, Il-1β and slightly lower for IL-6 and TNF-α. In turn, Th2 cytokine levels in the study group were slightly higher (Il-9, Il-13), significantly higher (Il4,
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