Trial reportInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pregnant Women with Perinatal Anxiety Symptoms in Pakistan: A Qualitative Study.
Trial report in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03880032 (Happy Mother-Healthy Baby), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Happy Mother-Healthy Baby: An Anxiety-focused Early Prenatal Intervention for the Prevention of Common Mental Disorders in Pakistan
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Navigating through motherhood in pregnancy and postpartum periods during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis.Journal of nursing management · 2022Pooled it
- An intervention to address prenatal anxiety improves maternal-infant bonding, with effects mediated by maternal-infant responsiveness, maternal self-efficacy, and postpartum depression.Infant mental health journal · 2025Trial
- A psychosocial intervention for prenatal anxiety decreases functional disability among pregnant Pakistani women: A moderated mediation approach using data from a randomized controlled trial.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2025Trial
- Impact of an intervention for perinatal anxiety on breastfeeding: findings from the Happy Mother-Healthy Baby randomized controlled trial in Pakistan.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Trial
- Results of a cognitive behavior therapy-based intervention for antenatal anxiety on birth outcomes in Pakistan: a randomized control trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Anxiety-focused cognitive behavioral therapy delivered by non-specialists to prevent postnatal depression: a randomized, phase 3 trial.Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- The Association of Spousal Relationship Quality and Social Support With Maternal-Infant Bonding: Moderating Roles of Maternal Age and Paternal Occupation.Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant StudiesTrial
- Maternal perinatal mental health and associated factors during the first postpartum year from a longitudinal birth cohort study in Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Perinatal Intimate Partner Violence and Maternal-Infant Bonding in Women With Anxiety Symptoms in Pakistan: The Moderating Role of Breastfeeding.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2025Article
- Receipt of a psychosocial intervention for prenatal anxiety and risk of perinatal intimate partner violence in Pakistani women.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Seeking digital maternity healthcare during the pandemic health system shock: a systematic review of women's experiences in low- and middle-income countries.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Review
- Family concerns and relationship problems in anxious pregnant women and their associations with postnatal functional disability in Pakistan.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2024Article
- Examining the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Iraqi Refugees in Canada.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on women's access to maternal health and family planning services in Egypt: an exploratory study in two governorates.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- A Qualitative Investigation of the Experiences of Women with Perinatal Depression and Anxiety during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Maternal and child health journal · 2024Article
- Mode of delivery and birth outcomes before and during COVID-19 -A population-based study in Ontario, Canada.PloS one · 2024Article
- Pregnancy stressors and postpartum symptoms of depression and anxiety: the moderating role of a cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention.General psychiatry · 2024Article
- COVID-19 threatens the progress of humanised childbirth: a qualitative study of giving birth during the pandemic in Brazil.Sexual and reproductive health matters · 2023Article
- The Emotional Experience of Mexican Women with SARS-CoV-2 during Pregnancy-A Qualitative Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on people with existing mental health conditions is likely to be high. We explored the consequences of the pandemic on women of lower socioeconomic status with prenatal anxiety symptoms living in urban Rawalpindi, Pakistan. This qualitative study was embedded within an ongoing randomized controlled trial of psychosocial intervention for prenatal anxiety at a public hospital in Rawalpindi. The participants were women with symptoms of anxiety who had received or were receiving the intervention. In total, 27 interviews were conducted; 13 women were in their third trimester of pregnancy, and 14 were in their postnatal period. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using framework analysis. Key findings were that during the pandemic, women experienced increased perinatal anxiety that was linked to greater financial problems, uncertainties over availability of appropriate obstetric healthcare, and a lack of trust in health professionals. Women experienced increased levels of fear for their own and their baby's health and safety, especially due to fear of infection. COVID-19 appears to have contributed to symptoms of anxiety in women already predisposed to anxiety in the prenatal period. Efforts to address women's heightened anxiety due to the pandemic are likely to have public health benefits.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.