ArticleJournal of personalized medicine2021
Automatic Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder Using Optical Coherence Tomography Data and Artificial Intelligence.
Article in Journal of personalized medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oculomics approaches using retinal imaging to predict mental health disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Neuroretinal Alterations in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: An Updated Meta-analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Pooled it
- Evaluation of Risk of Bias in Neuroimaging-Based Artificial Intelligence Models for Psychiatric Diagnosis: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Managing Bipolar Disorder: A New Frontier in Patient Care.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography in Bipolar Disorder: A Scoping Review.Neuropsychobiology · 2025Article
- Oral Cancer Screening by Artificial Intelligence-Oriented Interpretation of Optical Coherence Tomography Images.Radiology research and practice · 2022Review
- Development of a Novel Retina-Based Diagnostic Score for Early Detection of Major Depressive Disorder: An Interdisciplinary View.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Early Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography and Convolutional Neural Networks Trained with Data Augmentation.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Applications of artificial intelligence-assisted retinal imaging in systemic diseases: A literature review.Saudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological SocietyArticle
- Objective Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia Using Neuroretinal Evaluation and Artificial Intelligence.International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHPArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this study is to explore an objective approach that aids the diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD), based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) data which are analyzed using artificial intelligence.
methodsStructural analyses of nine layers of the retina were analyzed in 17 type I BD patients and 42 controls, according to the areas defined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart. The most discriminating variables made up the feature vector of several automatic classifiers: Gaussian Naive Bayes, K-nearest neighbors and support vector machines.
resultsBD patients presented retinal thinning affecting most layers, compared to controls. The retinal thickness of the parafoveolar area showed a high capacity to discriminate BD subjects from healthy individuals, specifically for the ganglion cell (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.82) and internal plexiform (AUC = 0.83) layers. The best classifier showed an accuracy of 0.95 for classifying BD versus controls, using as variables of the feature vector the IPL (inner nasal region) and the INL (outer nasal and inner inferior regions) thickness.
conclusionsOur patients with BD present structural alterations in the retina, and artificial intelligence seem to be a useful tool in BD diagnosis, but larger studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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