ArticleJournal of personalized medicine2021
Effects of the Autophagy-Inhibiting Agent Chloroquine on Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells; Characterization of Patient Heterogeneity.
Article in Journal of personalized medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- A global bibliometric and visualized analysis of the links between the autophagy and acute myeloid leukemia.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- A combination of artemisinin, moxidectin, and doxorubicin drugs can selectively and efficiently induce apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic and chronic myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and ex vivo.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Organelle-Targeted Drug Delivery: Precision Medicine at the Subcellular Level.Current drug targets · 2026Review
- HMGB1 mediated autophagy and apoptosis in human nucleus pulposus cells; chloroquine amplified apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Metformin and chloroquine enhanced the efficacy of cytarabine in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines: a drug repositioning approach.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Lysosome targeted therapies in hematological malignancies.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Current Understanding of the Role of Autophagy in the Treatment of Myeloid Leukemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Monocytic Differentiation of Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells: A Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Comparison of FAB-M4/M5 Patients with and without Nucleophosmin 1 Mutations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Vacuolar ATPase Is a Possible Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Focus on Patient Heterogeneity and Treatment Toxicity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- A Leukemic Target with a Thousand Faces: The Mitochondria.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Galectin-9 has non-apoptotic cytotoxic activity toward acute myeloid leukemia independent of cytarabine resistance.Cell death discovery · 2023Article
- The Molecular Context of Oxidant Stress Response in Cancer Establishes ALDH1A1 as a Critical Target: What This Means for Acute Myeloid Leukemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The dual role of autophagy in acute myeloid leukemia.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2022Review
- Metabolic adaptations in cancers expressing isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations.Cell reports. Medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular degradation process that prevents cell damage and promotes cell survival, and clinical efforts have exploited autophagy inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in cancer. Chloroquine is a well-known antimalarial agent that inhibits late-stage autophagy. We evaluated the effects of chloroquine on cell viability and proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells derived from 81 AML patients. Our results show that chloroquine decreased AML cell viability and proliferation for the majority of patients. Furthermore, a subgroup of AML patients showed a greater susceptibility to chloroquine, and using hierarchical cluster analysis, we identified 99 genes upregulated in this patient subgroup, including several genes related to leukemogenesis. The combination of chloroquine with low-dose cytarabine had an additive inhibitory effect on AML cell proliferation. Finally, a minority of patients showed increased extracellular constitutive mediator release in the presence of chloroquine, which was associated with strong antiproliferative effects of chloroquine as well as cytarabine. We conclude that chloroquine has antileukemic activity and should be further explored as a therapeutic drug against AML in combination with other cytotoxic or metabolic drugs; however, due to the patient heterogeneity, chloroquine therapy will probably be effective only for selected patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.