ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2021
Lessons Learned from 30 Years of Transverse Myocutaneous Gracilis Flap Breast Reconstruction: Historical Appraisal and Review of the Present Literature and 300 Cases.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of breast size on breast reconstruction in BRCA mutation carriers and genetic high-risk patients after bilateral mastectomy.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- Present and Future of Autologous Breast Reconstruction: Advancing Techniques to Minimize Morbidity and Complications, Enhancing Quality of Life and Patient Satisfaction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The Subcalcaneal Fat Pad: An Innovative Space for Passage of the Pedicle in Free Flap Reconstruction of Lateral Heel Defects.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2023Article
- The Use of Closed Incision Negative Pressure Therapy on the Medial Thigh Donor Site in Transverse Musculocutaneous Gracilis Flap Breast Reconstruction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Development of A Surgical Treatment Algorithm for Breast Reconstruction in Poland Syndrome Patients Considering Severity, Sex, and BMI.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHappy 30th birthday to the transverse myocutaneous gracilis (TMG) flap. Since 1991 the TMG flap has been used to reconstruct a wide variety of defects and became a workhorse flap and reliable alternative to the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap in many breast reconstruction services worldwide. This manuscript sheds light on the history and success of the TMG flap by critically reviewing the present literature and a series of 300 patients receiving a breast reconstruction. PATIENTS AND
methodsThe present literature and history of the TMG flap was reviewed and a retrospective double center cohort study of 300 free TMG free flaps for autologous breast reconstruction was conducted. Patient demographics, perioperative data, and post-operative complications were recorded and compared with literature findings.
resultsMean flap weight was 320 g. Mean pedicle length was 70 mm. Complications included 19 (6.3%) flap loss. 10 patients (3.3%) had postoperative cellulitis and 28 (9.3%) wound healing disturbance of the donor site.
conclusionRecipient and donor site complications were comparable to other free flaps used for breast reconstruction. A low BMI or the lack of an abdominal based donor site do not represent a limitation for breast reconstruction and can be overcome using the TMG flap.
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