ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Occurrence and Accumulation of Human Enteric Viruses and Phages in Process Water from the Fresh Produce Industry.
Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Occurrence of Human Norovirus and Hepatitis A Virus in Domestic Agricultural Waters.Food safety (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- CrAssphage as a Human Enteric Viral Contamination Bioindicator in Marketed Bivalve Mollusks.Viruses · 2025Article
- Origin of fecal contamination in lettuce and strawberries: From microbial indicators, molecular markers, andHeliyon · 2024Article
- Evaluation of crAssphages as a potential marker of human viral contamination in environmental water and fresh leafy greens.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Microbiological hazards associated with the use of water in the post-harvest handling and processing operations of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVHs). Part 1 (outbreak data analysis, literature review and stakeholder questionnaire).EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The virological quality of process water (PW) used by the produce industry has received limited attention. As a first step to overcoming technical limitations in monitoring viruses in PW, the analytical performance of ultrafiltration was assessed to concentrate viral particles from 20 L of spiked PW. The selected method used for sample concentration of PW was carefully validated, thus enabling the accurate quantification and estimation of viral titers of human enteric viruses and phages. PW from the produce industry was collected periodically from the washing tanks of commercial facilities. The analysis of coliphages was performed by plaque assay, while the occurrence of enteric viruses and crAssphage was determined by molecular techniques. Significant differences in the physicochemical composition of PW, mostly due to the different nature of fresh produce types and differences in the sanitizer used in commercial operation, were observed. Accumulation of crAssphage and coliphages was observed in PW, but correlation with human enteric viruses was not possible due to the low prevalence of these pathogens in the PW analyzed. The obtained results showed that depending on the type of product washed, the product/water ratio and the residual concentrations of the sanitizers, the prevalence and concentration of bacteriophages changed significantly.
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