ReviewCells2021
HIV-Associated Apathy/Depression and Neurocognitive Impairments Reflect Persistent Dopamine Deficits.
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanisms and treatments of methamphetamine and HIV-1 co-induced neurotoxicity: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- HIV-1 Tat-induced VAPB disruption initiates a cascade of organellar failures culminating in neuronal lipid accumulation.Journal of lipid research · 2026Article
- Chronic pain in a modern virally suppressed HIV cohort is associated with disability and poorer mental health.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Parkinsonism in people with virally suppressed HIV.The lancet. HIV · 2026Review
- Osteopontin knockdown reverses HIV-induced cognitive deficits and influences motivation-related behavior.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- S-Equol: a novel therapeutic for HIV-1-associated gastrointestinal dysbiosis.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- HIV-1 Tat protein alters medial prefrontal cortex neuronal activity and recognition memory.iScience · 2025Article
- SIV infection induces alterations in gene expression and loss of interneurons in Rhesus Macaque frontal cortex during early systemic infection.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Is There such a Thing as Post-Viral Depression?: Implications for Precision Medicine.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Motivation levels and white matter microstructure in children living with HIV.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Latent Profile Analysis of Cognitive Performance and Depressive Symptoms Among People with HIV.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2024Article
- Bidirectional Relationship between HIV/HBV Infection and Comorbid Depression and/or Anxiety: A Systematic Review on Shared Biological Mechanisms.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Genomic Factors and Therapeutic Approaches in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Progressive Degeneration and Adaptive Excitability in Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptor-Expressing Striatal Neurons Exposed to HIV-1 Tat and Morphine.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Dopamine, Immunity, and Disease.Pharmacological reviews · 2023Review
- Depression and HIV: a scoping review in search of neuroimmune biomarkers.Brain communications · 2023Article
- The comorbidity of depression and neurocognitive disorder in persons with HIV infection: call for investigation and treatment.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Article
- Synaptic dysfunction is associated with alterations in the initiation of goal-directed behaviors: Implications for HIV-1-associated apathy.Experimental neurology · 2022Article
- Osteopontin/secreted phosphoprotein-1 harnesses glial-, immune-, and neuronal cell ligand-receptor interactions to sense and regulate acute and chronic neuroinflammation.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Neuroinflammation in HIV-associated depression: evidence and future perspectives.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are often plagued by debilitating neurocognitive impairments and affective alterations;the pathophysiology underlying these deficits likely includes dopaminergic system dysfunction. The present review utilized four interrelated aims to critically examine the evidence for dopaminergic alterations following HIV-1 viral protein exposure. First, basal dopamine (DA) values are dependent upon both brain region andexperimental approach (i.e., high-performance liquid chromatography, microdialysis or fast-scan cyclic voltammetry). Second, neurochemical measurements overwhelmingly support decreased DA concentrations following chronic HIV-1 viral protein exposure. Neurocognitive impairments, including alterations in pre-attentive processes and attention, as well as apathetic behaviors, provide an additional line of evidence for dopaminergic deficits in HIV-1. Third, to date, there is no compelling evidence that combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the primary treatment regimen for HIV-1 seropositive individuals, has any direct pharmacological action on the dopaminergic system. Fourth, the infection of microglia by HIV-1 viral proteins may mechanistically underlie the dopamine deficit observed following chronic HIV-1 viral protein exposure. An inclusive and critical evaluation of the literature, therefore, supports the fundamental conclusion that long-term HIV-1 viral protein exposure leads to a decreased dopaminergic state, which continues to persist despite the advent of cART. Thus, effective treatment of HIV-1-associated apathy/depression and neurocognitive impairments must focus on strategies for rectifying decreases in dopamine function.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.