Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34440925›Full record

ReviewCells2021

Neurotherapeutics for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Review.

Katya Rubia, Samuel Westwood, Pascal-M Aggensteiner, Daniel Brandeis

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
8.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. Effects of fMRI neurofeedback of right inferior frontal cortex on inhibitory brain activation in children with ADHD.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Katya RubiaDepartment of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neurosciences, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
Samuel WestwoodDepartment of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neurosciences, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
Pascal-M AggensteinerDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
Daniel BrandeisDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
King's College London · GBUniversity Hospital Heidelberg · DEUniversity Hospital of Zurich · CHUniversity of Wolverhampton · GB

Funding

Action Medical Research AMR; GN2426Medical Research Council MR/P012647/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This review focuses on the evidence for neurotherapeutics for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). EEG-neurofeedback has been tested for about 45 years, with the latest meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCT) showing small/medium effects compared to non-active controls only. Three small studies piloted neurofeedback of frontal activations in ADHD using functional magnetic resonance imaging or near-infrared spectroscopy, finding no superior effects over control conditions. Brain stimulation has been applied to ADHD using mostly repetitive transcranial magnetic and direct current stimulation (rTMS/tDCS). rTMS has shown mostly negative findings on improving cognition or symptoms. Meta-analyses of tDCS studies targeting mostly the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex show small effects on cognitive improvements with only two out of three studies showing clinical improvements. Trigeminal nerve stimulation has been shown to improve ADHD symptoms with medium effect in one RCT. Modern neurotherapeutics are attractive due to their relative safety and potential neuroplastic effects. However, they need to be thoroughly tested for clinical and cognitive efficacy across settings and beyond core symptoms and for their potential for individualised treatment.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleNeurofeedbackattention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)brain stimulationEEG-neurofeedbackfMRI-neurofeedbackfunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)neurofeedbacktranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS)

Identifiers

PMID34440925
PMCPMC8394071
OpenAlexW3195883681

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.